DESCRIPTION OF THE ‘EID PRAYER
The Eid Prayer & How To Perform it.
Every Muslim must pray ‘Eid prayer as the Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam has prayed. The Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam has said: "Pray as you see me praying". [Sahih Al-Bukhari: vol. 1, p. 345, no. 604.].
Sunnah before or after the ‘Eid prayer:
It is not established that there is any sunnah prayer before or after the ‘Eid prayer. The Prophet never performed any such prayer, neither did his companions upon arrival at the musalla (prayer place).
It was the practice of the Muslims at the time Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam that they would not pray any sunnah or nafl prayers before or after the ‘Eid prayer. The Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam never prayed any sunnah or nafl before or after the ‘Eid prayer.
‘Abdullaah ibn ‘Abbaas said: " the Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam offered a two Rak‘aat prayer on the day of ‘Eidul Fitr and he did not pray before or after it." [Refer to Sahih Al-Bukhari: vol. 2, p. 43, no. 81].
The takbeer during salaatul ‘Eidayn:
The ‘Eid prayer consists of two rak'at during which it is sunnah to pronounce the takbeer seven times, after the opening takbir and before the Qur'anic recital in the first rak'ah. ‘Umar (may Allâh be pleased with him) said: "The prayer of ‘Eid and al-Adh-haa is two complete rak’ahs, not shortened. This is according to the words of your Prophet (!), and the liar is doomed." [Refer to Irwaaul Ghaleel by Al-Albaanee: vol. 3, pp.105-6, no. 638.]
During the second rak'ah, one makes takbir five times after the takbeer which is customarily made for standing after the prostration. The difference between ‘Eid prayer and the Friday is that, in ‘Eid prayer the Prophet
made twelve additional takbeer, whereas it is not the same for Friday prayer. The Takbeer is repeated seven times in the first rak’ah and five times in the second.
The Qur’aan is to be recited after completing the seven takbeer in the first raka‘ah, after the five takbeer in the second raka‘ah. ‘Aishah said: the Prophet would say the takbeer seven times in the first raka‘ah and [five times in the second raka‘ah on the day of the breaking of the fast and on the day of sacrifice on theoccasion of both the ‘Eid prayers, the two festivals. [Sunan Abu Dawud: (Eng.): vol. 1, pp. 296-7, no. 1145. Refer to the Saheeh Sunan Aboo Daawood: vol. 1, p. 213, no. 1018.]
In another version She said: "Except the two takbeers pronounced at the time of bowing." [Sunan Abu Dawud: (Eng.): vol. 1, p. 297, no. 1146. Refer to the Saheeh Sunan Aboo Daawood: vol. 1, p. 213, no. 1019.]
'Amr ibn Shu'aib reports from his father on the authority of his grandfather that the Prophet said : "There are seven takbeers in the first raka‘ah and five in the second raka‘ah of the prayer offered on the day of the breaking of the fast and then recitation of the Qur’aan after the additional takbeers". [Sunan Abu Dawud: (Eng.): vol. 1, p. 297, no. 1147. Refer to the Saheeh Sunan Aboo Daawood: vol. 1, p. 213, no. 1020.]
NOTE: It is not the sunnaah of the Prophet to raise the hands while saying additional takbeers and nothing besides takbeer should be uttered. [See Tamaamul Minnah: by Al-Albaanee: pp. 348-9.]
Ash-Shaukani states that the strongest opinion is that if one does not perform the takbeeraat out of forgetfulness, he is not to perform the prostrations of forgetfulness. [Naylul Awtaar: by Imaam Ash-Shaukaanee: vol.3, p. 300.]
Recitation of Qur’aan in ‘Eid prayers:
It is not restricted that one has to read particular soorah in the ‘Eid prayers. It is recommended (mustahabb) that in the ‘Eid prayers the imaam should recite Sooratu Qaaf [soorah 50] and Sooratul Qamar[al-Qamar, soorah 54], as it is reported that: ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab asked Aboo Waaqid al-Laythee, "What did the Messenger of Allâh used to recite at [Eid] al-Adhaa and al-Fitr?" He said, "He used to recite Qaaf. Wa’l-Qur’aan al-majeed [Qaaf 50:1] and Aqtarabat al-saa’ah wa anshaqq al-qamar [al-Qamar 54:1]. [Sahih Muslim: vol. 2, p. 419, no.1936]
Most of the reports indicate that the Prophet used to recite Soorat al-A’laa [87] and Soorat al-Ghaashiyah [88], as he used to recite them in the Friday prayer. Al-Nu’maan ibn Bishr said: "The Messenger of Allâh (peace and blessings of Allâh be upon him) used to recite on the two Eids and on Fridays, Sabbih isma rabbika’l-a’laa [al-A’laa 87:1] and Hal ataaka hadeeth al-ghaashiyah [al-Ghaashiyah 88:1]." [Sahih Muslim: vol. 2, p. 414, no.1907]
Congratulating one another on the days of ‘Eid
People may exchange congratulations and good greetings on Eid, no matter what form the words take. For example they may say to one another, "Taqabbal Allâhu minnaa wa minkum (May Allâh accept [the fast and worship] from us and from you" or "Eid mubarak" and other similar permissible greetings. [Al-Mughnee: by ibn Qudaamah: vol. 2, p. 259]
Jubayr ibn Nufayr said: "At the time of the Prophet , when people met one another on the day of Eid, they would say, ‘Taqabbal Allâhu minnaa wa minka (May Allâh accept from us and from you).’" (Ibn Hajar. Its isnaad is hasan. Fathul Baaree: vol.2, p. 446).
The practice of exchanging greetings was well-known at the time of the Sahaabah and scholars such as Imaam Ahmad and others allowed it. There are reports which indicate that it is permissible to congratulate people on special occasions. The Sahaabah used to congratulate one another when something good happened, such as when Allâh accepted a person’s repentance and so on. There is no doubt that congratulating others in this way is one of the noblest kinds of good manners and one of the highest social qualities among Muslims.
At the very least, one can return Eid greetings when they are given to you, and remain silent if nothing is said, as Imaam Ahmad (may Allâh have mercy on him) said: "If someone congratulates me, I return the greeting, but I do not initiate it."
Whoever misses salaatul ‘Eid with the congregation may pray two rak'at
In Sahih al-Bukhari we find in the chapter entitled: "Whoever missed the ‘Eid prayer should pray two Raka‘ah, and similarly the women and those who are at home and in the villages should do so, as is confirmed by the statement of the Prophet (!): "O Muslims, this our ‘Eid". Anas ibn Maalik at Az-Zaawiyah ordered his slave ibn Abee Ghaneeyah to collect his (Anas’s) family and off-spring. Anas led prayer similar to that offered by townspeople and recited takbeer similar to theirs. ‘Ekrimah said: "The villagers should gather on the day of ‘Eid and offer two raka‘ah as the Imaam does." ‘Ataa said, "Whoever misses the ‘Eid prayer should pray two raka‘ah." [Sahih Al-Buukhari: vol. 2, p. 55, chapter. 25].
Making up a missed ‘Eid prayer on the next day:
Abu 'Umair ibn Anas reports: "My Ansari uncles from among the companions of the Messenger of Allâh sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam said to me: 'The moon for the month of Shawwal was hidden from us and, therefore, our companions fasted. Then at the end of the day, riders came and they bore witness to the Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam that they had seen the moon the previous night. The Prophet ordered the people to break their fasts and to go out to the site of the salaatul ‘Eid on the next day.'" [This is related by An-Nasaaee: (Eng): vol. 2, pp. 333-4, no. 1560, Saheeh Sunan An-Nasaaee: vol. 1, p. 341, no. 1466.]
In this hadeeth there lies evidence for those who say that if the people miss salaatul ‘Eid due to some excuse, then they may go out and pray it the next day.
Warning against wrongdoing:
1. Some people think that Islaam tells us to stay up and pray on the night of ‘Eid, quoting an unsound hadeeth which says that "whoever stays up and prays on the night of ‘Eid, his heart will not die on the day when hearts die." This hadeeth was reported with two isnaads, one of which is da’eef (weak), and the other is very da’eef. [See Al-Fawaaidul Majmoo‘ah: by Imaam Ash-Shaukaanee: p. 71.]
Islaam does not tell us to single out the night of ‘Eid for staying up and praying; if, however, a person habitually stays up and prays at night (qiyaam), there is nothing wrong with him doing so on the night of ‘Eid as well.
2. Mixing of men and women in some prayer-places, streets, etc. It is a pity that this happens not only in mosques but even in the most sacred of places, al-Masjid al-Haraam [in Makkah]. Many women – may Allâh guide them – go out uncovered ,wearing make-up and perfume, flaunting their adornment, when there is such serious overcrowding in the mosques – the dangers of this situation are quite obvious. So those who are in charge must organize the ‘Eid prayers properly, by allocating separate doors and routes for women and delaying the men’s departure until the women have left.
3. Some people get together on ‘Eid for the purpose of singing and other forms of idle entertainment, and this is not permitted.
4. Some people celebrate on ‘Eid because Ramadaan is over and they no longer have to fast. This is a mistake, the believers celebrate at ‘Eid because Allâh has helped them to complete the month of fasting, not because the fasting ,which some people regard as a heavy burden, is over.
Greetings The Companions Would Say on Eid
The Companions of Allâh’s Messenger used to say to each other when they met on ‘Eid:
Taqabal Allâahu Minnâ wa Minkum
which means: May Allâh accept from us and you [our fasts and deeds].
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Al-Hâfidh Ibn Hajr, Fath Al-Bârî, grades this narration’s chain of transmission hasan and cites it from Al-Mahâmilîyyât.
FOR WHOM THE PERFORMANCE OF SALAATUL ‘EID IS VALID:
The ‘Eid prayer is valid for men, women, children, travellers, residents, people in congregation, and people praying individually. It is also valid if performed in a house, mosque, or a distant place designated for the salah, and so on.
2: Women and children going out to attend ‘Eid prayer
Shari'ah requires women and children to go out and attend the salaatul ‘Eidayn. This includes married, single, young, old, or menstruating women. Umm 'Ateeyah reports: "We were ordered to go out with the single and menstruating women to the two ‘Eids in order to witness the good and the supplications of the Muslims. The menstruating women would be separate from the others." [This is related by Sahih al-Bukhari: vol. 2, p. 48, no. 91.]
The above hadeeth clears it that the menstruating women will not prayer and will keep away from the Musallaa, Sahih Al-Bukhari: vol. 2, p. 52, no. 97.
Source: The Two Eids By: Abdul Majeed Alee Hassan
Ibn 'Abbas further reports: "I went out with the Prophet on the day of breaking the fast or of the sacrifice, and he prayed and gave a khutbah, and then he went to the women and admonished them, reminded them of Allâh, and ordered them to give charity." [This is related by Sahih al-Bukhari: vol. 2, p. 48, no. 92.]
3: Taking different routes to and from musallaa
Most of the people of knowledge are of the opinion that it is preferred for a person to go to the salaah by one route and then to return home through another route, regardless of whether he be the imaam or a member of the congregation. Jabir reports: "On the days of ‘Eid, the Prophet would take different routes." [This is related by Sahih al-Bukhari: vol. 2, p. 54, no. 102.]
Abu Hurairah says: "When the Prophet went to salaatul ‘Eid, he would return through a different route." [This is related by at-Tirmithee:Saheeh Sunan At-Titmthee: vol. 1, p. 168, no. 446] .
4: The time of ‘Eid prayers
The time for salaatul ‘Eid begins from the time the sun is three meters above the horizon until the sun reaches its meridian. The majority of scholars say that the time for the Eid prayer starts when the sun has risen above the height of a spear, as seen by the naked eye, and continues until the sun is approaching its zenith. It is better to offer the ‘Eid prayer in the forenoon in the early hours after the sunrise. The reason is that the people have to slaughter the sacrificial animals on theday of saacrifice. Hence, the prayer on this occasion should be offered earlier than the prayer offered on the day of breaking the fast.
Yazeed ibn Khumayr Rahbee said: ‘Abd Allâh ibn Busr, the companion of the Prophet came out along with the people on the day of the breaking of the fast or on the day of sacrifice (to offer the prayer). He disliked the delay of the Imaam, and said: We would finish our ‘Eid prayer at this moment, that is, at the time of forenoon. [Sunan Abu Dawud: (Eng): vol. 1, p. 293, no. 1131 and it is authenticated by Al-Albaanee in Saheeh Sunan Aboo Daawood: vol. 1, pp. 210-1, no. 1005. Imaam al-Bukhari has mentioned in Sahih Al-Bukhari: vol. 2, p. 44, chapter. 10.
Ibn Qudamah says: "It is a sunnah to pray salaatul adha early in order to allow more time for the people to perform the sacrifice, and the salaatul Fitr is to be delayed in order to give people time to pay zakat al-Fitr. I know of no difference of opinion on this point." [Refer to Al-Mughnaee by Imaam ibn Qudaamah: vol. 2, p. 224.]
5: The athaan and iqaamah for salaatul ‘Eidayn
Ibn al-Qayyim writes: "When the Messenger of Allâh went to the musallaa (place of prayer), he would perform the salaah without any athaan or iqaamah and without saying 'as-salaatu jaami'ah' (prayer in congregation). The sunnah is not to do any of that." [Zaadul Ma‘aad: vol. 1, p. 442.].
Ibn 'Abbaas and Jaabir both report that there was no athaan on the day of the breaking of the fast or on the day of sacrifice. This is related by al-Bukhari: vol. 2, p. 41, no. 78. and Muslim: vol. 2, p. 417, no. 1927 .
The Takbeerat of the Eid
Ibn Mas'ood used to say:
<< Allaahu-Akbar. Allaahu-Akbar. Laa ilaaha illallah. Wa-Allaahu Akbar. Allaahu-Akbaar. Wa lillaahil-Hamd >> [ Reported by Ibn Abee Shaibah with an authentic chain of narration.]
(Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest. There is none who has the right to be worshipped except Allaah. Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest and to Allaah belongs all praise.)
Ibn 'Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) used to say:
<<Allaahu-Akbar Allaahu-Akbar; Allaahu-Akbar wa-lillaahil-Hamd. Allaahu-Akbar wa ajallu, Allaahu-Akbar 'alaa maa hadaana.[reported by Baihaqee (3/315) and it has an authentic chain of narration.]
(Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest and to Allaah belongs all praise. Allaah is the Greatest and the Most Sublime. Allaah is the Greatest to that which He has guided us to.)
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For A Detailed Explanation For The Evidences of the 2 Above Mentioned Dhikrs please Read Below.
Taken from the Book: The Rulings Concerning The Two Eids From The Purified Sunnah
By: Shaykh 'Ali Hasan 'Ali 'Abdul Hameed al-Halabi hafidhahullaah
The Takbeer of the Eid
Allaah, The Most High, says:
"(He wants you) to complete the same number (of days) and that must magnify Allaah (takbeer) for having guided you and so that you may be grateful to Him." [Al-Baqarah 2:185]
Indeed it is established that the Prophet used to emerge on the day of 'Eid-ul-Fitr and say the takbeer up until he reached the musallaa and up until he had performed the prayer. So when he had performed the prayer he stopped saying the takbeer.[1]
The scholar of hadeeth al-Albaanee said: "This hadeeth contains evidence concerning the legality of what the Muslims are acting upon, from saying the takbeer aloud on the way to the musallaa; even though many Muslims have become negligent of this Sunnah to such an extent that it has nearly become a 'thing that was'......
From that which is appropriate to remind us of at this point, is that saying the takbeer aloud does not mean that it is permitted to say it in unison, as some people do. Likewise, all other supplications in which raising the voice has or has not been prescribed, then reciting the sup plication in unison is not permissible. So be cautious of this and let us always focus our eyes upon the fact that the best guidance is the guid ance of the Prophet (SAW)." [Silsilatul Ahaudeeth as-Saheehah (1/121)]
Shaikh-ul-Islaam Ibn Taymeeyah was asked about the time when the takbeer should be recited during the 'Eids. So he replied:
"All praise be to Allaah. The most correct opinion with regard to reciting the takbeer is that which the majority of the pious predesessors, the jurists from amongst the Companions and its A'immah are upon, - that is to say the takbeer after every prayer from Fajr (Dawn) on the day of 'Arafah until the last day of Tashreeq. It is permitted for everyone to say the takbeer aloud when proceeding to the 'Eid prayer and this is agreed upon by the four Imaams." [Majmoo al-Fataawaa (24/220) and refer to Subul-us-Salaam (2/71-72)]
I say: His (may Allaah have mercy upon him) saying: After every prayer - in particular - is a matter for which there is no evidence. Rather the correct opinion is that it is at all times without particularisation.
This is inferred upon by the saying of al-Bukhaaree in the chapter on the two Eid's in his book as-Saheeh (2/461): "Chapter: Takbeer in the days of Mina and when proceeding to Arafah."
'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) used to make takbeer in his tent in Mina such that the people in the masjid could hear him and so they would make takbeer and the people in the market would make takbeer such that Mina would resound with the takbeer.
Ibn Umar (may allaah be pleased with him) used to make takbeer in Mina on these days, after every prayer, while reclining on his couch, in his tent, in his gatherings and when walking all in these days.
Maimoonah (may Allaah be pleased with her) would make takbeer on the day of Nahr. The women used to make takbee, alongside with Abaan Ibn Uthmaan and 'Amr Ibn Abdul-Aziz during the nights of Thasreeq with the men in the masjid.
When Ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) would leave (his house) on the morning of 'Eid-ul-Fitr and 'Adhaa and he would say the takbeer aloud until he reached the musallaa and then make tak beer until the Imaam came.38
The manner of saying takbeer has not been authentically reported in a hadeeth of the Prophet from that which I know, but it has been reported from some of the Companions (may Allaah be pleased with them all).
Ibn Mas'ood used to say: << Allaahu-Akbar. Allaahu-Akbar. Laa ilaaha illallah. Wa-Allaahu Akbar. Allaahu-Akbaar. Wa lillaahil-Hamd>> [ Reported by Ibn Abee Shaibah with an authentic chain of narration.]
(Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest. There is none who has the right to be worshipped except Allaah. Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest and to Allaah belongs all praise.)
Ibn 'Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) used to say: <<Allaahu-Akbar Allaahu-Akbar; Allaahu-Akbar wa-lillaahil-Hamd. Allaahu-Akbar wa ajallu, Allaahu-Akbar 'alaa maa hadaana. [Reported by Baihaqee (3/315) and it has an authentic chain of narration.]
(Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest and to Allaah belongs all praise. Allaah is the Greatest and the Most Sublime. Allaah is the Greatest to that which He has guided us to.)
Abdur-Razzaq transmits by the isnaad of Baihaqee in his book as Sunan al-Kubra (3/316)- with an authentic chain of narration - from Salmaan al-Khair (may Allaah Pleased with him): "Make takbeer of Allaah: Say: Allaahu-Akbar Allaahu-Akbar Allaahu-Akbar kabeera"
However many of the lay Muslims have opposed this dhikr that is established upon the pious predecessors (The Sahab & the Tabieen) by innovated dhikr and additions which have no basis at all. Thus Haafidh Ibn Hajr (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in Fath ul-Baaree (2/536): "indeed additions41 have been invented. on this day, which have no basis."
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[1] Reported by Ibn Abee Shaibah in Musannaf and Mahaamlee in Kitaab Salaatul 'Eidain with an authentic chain of narration but it is mursal. Nevertheless it has (some) supporting narrations that strengthen it. Refer to Silsilatul Ahaadeeth as Saheehah (170). The takbeer begins from the time of the proceeding out to the musallaa until the prayer.
The Eid Prayer & How To Perform it.
Every Muslim must pray ‘Eid prayer as the Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam has prayed. The Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam has said: "Pray as you see me praying". [Sahih Al-Bukhari: vol. 1, p. 345, no. 604.].
Sunnah before or after the ‘Eid prayer:
It is not established that there is any sunnah prayer before or after the ‘Eid prayer. The Prophet never performed any such prayer, neither did his companions upon arrival at the musalla (prayer place).
It was the practice of the Muslims at the time Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam that they would not pray any sunnah or nafl prayers before or after the ‘Eid prayer. The Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam never prayed any sunnah or nafl before or after the ‘Eid prayer.
‘Abdullaah ibn ‘Abbaas said: " the Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam offered a two Rak‘aat prayer on the day of ‘Eidul Fitr and he did not pray before or after it." [Refer to Sahih Al-Bukhari: vol. 2, p. 43, no. 81].
The takbeer during salaatul ‘Eidayn:
The ‘Eid prayer consists of two rak'at during which it is sunnah to pronounce the takbeer seven times, after the opening takbir and before the Qur'anic recital in the first rak'ah. ‘Umar (may Allâh be pleased with him) said: "The prayer of ‘Eid and al-Adh-haa is two complete rak’ahs, not shortened. This is according to the words of your Prophet (!), and the liar is doomed." [Refer to Irwaaul Ghaleel by Al-Albaanee: vol. 3, pp.105-6, no. 638.]
During the second rak'ah, one makes takbir five times after the takbeer which is customarily made for standing after the prostration. The difference between ‘Eid prayer and the Friday is that, in ‘Eid prayer the Prophet
made twelve additional takbeer, whereas it is not the same for Friday prayer. The Takbeer is repeated seven times in the first rak’ah and five times in the second.The Qur’aan is to be recited after completing the seven takbeer in the first raka‘ah, after the five takbeer in the second raka‘ah. ‘Aishah said: the Prophet
would say the takbeer seven times in the first raka‘ah and [five times in the second raka‘ah on the day of the breaking of the fast and on the day of sacrifice on theoccasion of both the ‘Eid prayers, the two festivals. [Sunan Abu Dawud: (Eng.): vol. 1, pp. 296-7, no. 1145. Refer to the Saheeh Sunan Aboo Daawood: vol. 1, p. 213, no. 1018.]In another version She said: "Except the two takbeers pronounced at the time of bowing." [Sunan Abu Dawud: (Eng.): vol. 1, p. 297, no. 1146. Refer to the Saheeh Sunan Aboo Daawood: vol. 1, p. 213, no. 1019.]
'Amr ibn Shu'aib reports from his father on the authority of his grandfather that the Prophet
said : "There are seven takbeers in the first raka‘ah and five in the second raka‘ah of the prayer offered on the day of the breaking of the fast and then recitation of the Qur’aan after the additional takbeers". [Sunan Abu Dawud: (Eng.): vol. 1, p. 297, no. 1147. Refer to the Saheeh Sunan Aboo Daawood: vol. 1, p. 213, no. 1020.]NOTE: It is not the sunnaah of the Prophet
to raise the hands while saying additional takbeers and nothing besides takbeer should be uttered. [See Tamaamul Minnah: by Al-Albaanee: pp. 348-9.]Ash-Shaukani states that the strongest opinion is that if one does not perform the takbeeraat out of forgetfulness, he is not to perform the prostrations of forgetfulness. [Naylul Awtaar: by Imaam Ash-Shaukaanee: vol.3, p. 300.]
Recitation of Qur’aan in ‘Eid prayers:
It is not restricted that one has to read particular soorah in the ‘Eid prayers. It is recommended (mustahabb) that in the ‘Eid prayers the imaam should recite Sooratu Qaaf [soorah 50] and Sooratul Qamar[al-Qamar, soorah 54], as it is reported that: ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab asked Aboo Waaqid al-Laythee, "What did the Messenger of Allâh
used to recite at [Eid] al-Adhaa and al-Fitr?" He said, "He used to recite Qaaf. Wa’l-Qur’aan al-majeed [Qaaf 50:1] and Aqtarabat al-saa’ah wa anshaqq al-qamar [al-Qamar 54:1]. [Sahih Muslim: vol. 2, p. 419, no.1936]Most of the reports indicate that the Prophet
used to recite Soorat al-A’laa [87] and Soorat al-Ghaashiyah [88], as he used to recite them in the Friday prayer. Al-Nu’maan ibn Bishr said: "The Messenger of Allâh (peace and blessings of Allâh be upon him) used to recite on the two Eids and on Fridays, Sabbih isma rabbika’l-a’laa [al-A’laa 87:1] and Hal ataaka hadeeth al-ghaashiyah [al-Ghaashiyah 88:1]." [Sahih Muslim: vol. 2, p. 414, no.1907]Congratulating one another on the days of ‘Eid
People may exchange congratulations and good greetings on Eid, no matter what form the words take. For example they may say to one another, "Taqabbal Allâhu minnaa wa minkum (May Allâh accept [the fast and worship] from us and from you" or "Eid mubarak" and other similar permissible greetings. [Al-Mughnee: by ibn Qudaamah: vol. 2, p. 259]
Jubayr ibn Nufayr said: "At the time of the Prophet
, when people met one another on the day of Eid, they would say, ‘Taqabbal Allâhu minnaa wa minka (May Allâh accept from us and from you).’" (Ibn Hajar. Its isnaad is hasan. Fathul Baaree: vol.2, p. 446).The practice of exchanging greetings was well-known at the time of the Sahaabah and scholars such as Imaam Ahmad and others allowed it. There are reports which indicate that it is permissible to congratulate people on special occasions. The Sahaabah used to congratulate one another when something good happened, such as when Allâh accepted a person’s repentance and so on. There is no doubt that congratulating others in this way is one of the noblest kinds of good manners and one of the highest social qualities among Muslims.
At the very least, one can return Eid greetings when they are given to you, and remain silent if nothing is said, as Imaam Ahmad (may Allâh have mercy on him) said: "If someone congratulates me, I return the greeting, but I do not initiate it."
Whoever misses salaatul ‘Eid with the congregation may pray two rak'at
In Sahih al-Bukhari we find in the chapter entitled: "Whoever missed the ‘Eid prayer should pray two Raka‘ah, and similarly the women and those who are at home and in the villages should do so, as is confirmed by the statement of the Prophet (!): "O Muslims, this our ‘Eid". Anas ibn Maalik at Az-Zaawiyah ordered his slave ibn Abee Ghaneeyah to collect his (Anas’s) family and off-spring. Anas led prayer similar to that offered by townspeople and recited takbeer similar to theirs. ‘Ekrimah said: "The villagers should gather on the day of ‘Eid and offer two raka‘ah as the Imaam does." ‘Ataa said, "Whoever misses the ‘Eid prayer should pray two raka‘ah." [Sahih Al-Buukhari: vol. 2, p. 55, chapter. 25].
Making up a missed ‘Eid prayer on the next day:
Abu 'Umair ibn Anas reports: "My Ansari uncles from among the companions of the Messenger of Allâh sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam said to me: 'The moon for the month of Shawwal was hidden from us and, therefore, our companions fasted. Then at the end of the day, riders came and they bore witness to the Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam that they had seen the moon the previous night. The Prophet ordered the people to break their fasts and to go out to the site of the salaatul ‘Eid on the next day.'" [This is related by An-Nasaaee: (Eng): vol. 2, pp. 333-4, no. 1560, Saheeh Sunan An-Nasaaee: vol. 1, p. 341, no. 1466.]
In this hadeeth there lies evidence for those who say that if the people miss salaatul ‘Eid due to some excuse, then they may go out and pray it the next day.
Warning against wrongdoing:
1. Some people think that Islaam tells us to stay up and pray on the night of ‘Eid, quoting an unsound hadeeth which says that "whoever stays up and prays on the night of ‘Eid, his heart will not die on the day when hearts die." This hadeeth was reported with two isnaads, one of which is da’eef (weak), and the other is very da’eef. [See Al-Fawaaidul Majmoo‘ah: by Imaam Ash-Shaukaanee: p. 71.]
Islaam does not tell us to single out the night of ‘Eid for staying up and praying; if, however, a person habitually stays up and prays at night (qiyaam), there is nothing wrong with him doing so on the night of ‘Eid as well.
2. Mixing of men and women in some prayer-places, streets, etc. It is a pity that this happens not only in mosques but even in the most sacred of places, al-Masjid al-Haraam [in Makkah]. Many women – may Allâh guide them – go out uncovered ,wearing make-up and perfume, flaunting their adornment, when there is such serious overcrowding in the mosques – the dangers of this situation are quite obvious. So those who are in charge must organize the ‘Eid prayers properly, by allocating separate doors and routes for women and delaying the men’s departure until the women have left.
3. Some people get together on ‘Eid for the purpose of singing and other forms of idle entertainment, and this is not permitted.
4. Some people celebrate on ‘Eid because Ramadaan is over and they no longer have to fast. This is a mistake, the believers celebrate at ‘Eid because Allâh has helped them to complete the month of fasting, not because the fasting ,which some people regard as a heavy burden, is over.
Greetings The Companions Would Say on Eid
The Companions of Allâh’s Messenger
used to say to each other when they met on ‘Eid:Taqabal Allâahu Minnâ wa Minkum
which means: May Allâh accept from us and you [our fasts and deeds].
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Al-Hâfidh Ibn Hajr, Fath Al-Bârî, grades this narration’s chain of transmission hasan and cites it from Al-Mahâmilîyyât.
FOR WHOM THE PERFORMANCE OF SALAATUL ‘EID IS VALID:
The ‘Eid prayer is valid for men, women, children, travellers, residents, people in congregation, and people praying individually. It is also valid if performed in a house, mosque, or a distant place designated for the salah, and so on.
2: Women and children going out to attend ‘Eid prayer
Shari'ah requires women and children to go out and attend the salaatul ‘Eidayn. This includes married, single, young, old, or menstruating women. Umm 'Ateeyah reports: "We were ordered to go out with the single and menstruating women to the two ‘Eids in order to witness the good and the supplications of the Muslims. The menstruating women would be separate from the others." [This is related by Sahih al-Bukhari: vol. 2, p. 48, no. 91.]
The above hadeeth clears it that the menstruating women will not prayer and will keep away from the Musallaa, Sahih Al-Bukhari: vol. 2, p. 52, no. 97.
Source: The Two Eids By: Abdul Majeed Alee Hassan
Ibn 'Abbas further reports: "I went out with the Prophet on the day of breaking the fast or of the sacrifice, and he prayed and gave a khutbah, and then he went to the women and admonished them, reminded them of Allâh, and ordered them to give charity." [This is related by Sahih al-Bukhari: vol. 2, p. 48, no. 92.]
3: Taking different routes to and from musallaa
Most of the people of knowledge are of the opinion that it is preferred for a person to go to the salaah by one route and then to return home through another route, regardless of whether he be the imaam or a member of the congregation. Jabir reports: "On the days of ‘Eid, the Prophet would take different routes." [This is related by Sahih al-Bukhari: vol. 2, p. 54, no. 102.]
Abu Hurairah says: "When the Prophet went to salaatul ‘Eid, he would return through a different route." [This is related by at-Tirmithee:Saheeh Sunan At-Titmthee: vol. 1, p. 168, no. 446] .
4: The time of ‘Eid prayers
The time for salaatul ‘Eid begins from the time the sun is three meters above the horizon until the sun reaches its meridian. The majority of scholars say that the time for the Eid prayer starts when the sun has risen above the height of a spear, as seen by the naked eye, and continues until the sun is approaching its zenith. It is better to offer the ‘Eid prayer in the forenoon in the early hours after the sunrise. The reason is that the people have to slaughter the sacrificial animals on theday of saacrifice. Hence, the prayer on this occasion should be offered earlier than the prayer offered on the day of breaking the fast.
Yazeed ibn Khumayr Rahbee said: ‘Abd Allâh ibn Busr, the companion of the Prophet came out along with the people on the day of the breaking of the fast or on the day of sacrifice (to offer the prayer). He disliked the delay of the Imaam, and said: We would finish our ‘Eid prayer at this moment, that is, at the time of forenoon. [Sunan Abu Dawud: (Eng): vol. 1, p. 293, no. 1131 and it is authenticated by Al-Albaanee in Saheeh Sunan Aboo Daawood: vol. 1, pp. 210-1, no. 1005. Imaam al-Bukhari has mentioned in Sahih Al-Bukhari: vol. 2, p. 44, chapter. 10.
Ibn Qudamah says: "It is a sunnah to pray salaatul adha early in order to allow more time for the people to perform the sacrifice, and the salaatul Fitr is to be delayed in order to give people time to pay zakat al-Fitr. I know of no difference of opinion on this point." [Refer to Al-Mughnaee by Imaam ibn Qudaamah: vol. 2, p. 224.]
5: The athaan and iqaamah for salaatul ‘Eidayn
Ibn al-Qayyim writes: "When the Messenger of Allâh went to the musallaa (place of prayer), he would perform the salaah without any athaan or iqaamah and without saying 'as-salaatu jaami'ah' (prayer in congregation). The sunnah is not to do any of that." [Zaadul Ma‘aad: vol. 1, p. 442.].
Ibn 'Abbaas and Jaabir both report that there was no athaan on the day of the breaking of the fast or on the day of sacrifice. This is related by al-Bukhari: vol. 2, p. 41, no. 78. and Muslim: vol. 2, p. 417, no. 1927 .
The Takbeerat of the Eid
Ibn Mas'ood used to say:
<< Allaahu-Akbar. Allaahu-Akbar. Laa ilaaha illallah. Wa-Allaahu Akbar. Allaahu-Akbaar. Wa lillaahil-Hamd >> [ Reported by Ibn Abee Shaibah with an authentic chain of narration.]
(Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest. There is none who has the right to be worshipped except Allaah. Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest and to Allaah belongs all praise.)
Ibn 'Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) used to say:
<<Allaahu-Akbar Allaahu-Akbar; Allaahu-Akbar wa-lillaahil-Hamd. Allaahu-Akbar wa ajallu, Allaahu-Akbar 'alaa maa hadaana.[reported by Baihaqee (3/315) and it has an authentic chain of narration.]
(Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest and to Allaah belongs all praise. Allaah is the Greatest and the Most Sublime. Allaah is the Greatest to that which He has guided us to.)
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For A Detailed Explanation For The Evidences of the 2 Above Mentioned Dhikrs please Read Below.
Taken from the Book: The Rulings Concerning The Two Eids From The Purified Sunnah
By: Shaykh 'Ali Hasan 'Ali 'Abdul Hameed al-Halabi hafidhahullaah
The Takbeer of the Eid
Allaah, The Most High, says:
"(He wants you) to complete the same number (of days) and that must magnify Allaah (takbeer) for having guided you and so that you may be grateful to Him." [Al-Baqarah 2:185]
Indeed it is established that the Prophet
used to emerge on the day of 'Eid-ul-Fitr and say the takbeer up until he reached the musallaa and up until he had performed the prayer. So when he had performed the prayer he stopped saying the takbeer.[1]The scholar of hadeeth al-Albaanee said: "This hadeeth contains evidence concerning the legality of what the Muslims are acting upon, from saying the takbeer aloud on the way to the musallaa; even though many Muslims have become negligent of this Sunnah to such an extent that it has nearly become a 'thing that was'......
From that which is appropriate to remind us of at this point, is that saying the takbeer aloud does not mean that it is permitted to say it in unison, as some people do. Likewise, all other supplications in which raising the voice has or has not been prescribed, then reciting the sup plication in unison is not permissible. So be cautious of this and let us always focus our eyes upon the fact that the best guidance is the guid ance of the Prophet (SAW)." [Silsilatul Ahaudeeth as-Saheehah (1/121)]
Shaikh-ul-Islaam Ibn Taymeeyah was asked about the time when the takbeer should be recited during the 'Eids. So he replied:
"All praise be to Allaah. The most correct opinion with regard to reciting the takbeer is that which the majority of the pious predesessors, the jurists from amongst the Companions and its A'immah are upon, - that is to say the takbeer after every prayer from Fajr (Dawn) on the day of 'Arafah until the last day of Tashreeq. It is permitted for everyone to say the takbeer aloud when proceeding to the 'Eid prayer and this is agreed upon by the four Imaams." [Majmoo al-Fataawaa (24/220) and refer to Subul-us-Salaam (2/71-72)]
I say: His (may Allaah have mercy upon him) saying: After every prayer - in particular - is a matter for which there is no evidence. Rather the correct opinion is that it is at all times without particularisation.
This is inferred upon by the saying of al-Bukhaaree in the chapter on the two Eid's in his book as-Saheeh (2/461): "Chapter: Takbeer in the days of Mina and when proceeding to Arafah."
'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) used to make takbeer in his tent in Mina such that the people in the masjid could hear him and so they would make takbeer and the people in the market would make takbeer such that Mina would resound with the takbeer.
Ibn Umar (may allaah be pleased with him) used to make takbeer in Mina on these days, after every prayer, while reclining on his couch, in his tent, in his gatherings and when walking all in these days.
Maimoonah (may Allaah be pleased with her) would make takbeer on the day of Nahr. The women used to make takbee, alongside with Abaan Ibn Uthmaan and 'Amr Ibn Abdul-Aziz during the nights of Thasreeq with the men in the masjid.
When Ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) would leave (his house) on the morning of 'Eid-ul-Fitr and 'Adhaa and he would say the takbeer aloud until he reached the musallaa and then make tak beer until the Imaam came.38
The manner of saying takbeer has not been authentically reported in a hadeeth of the Prophet
from that which I know, but it has been reported from some of the Companions (may Allaah be pleased with them all).Ibn Mas'ood used to say: << Allaahu-Akbar. Allaahu-Akbar. Laa ilaaha illallah. Wa-Allaahu Akbar. Allaahu-Akbaar. Wa lillaahil-Hamd>> [ Reported by Ibn Abee Shaibah with an authentic chain of narration.]
(Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest. There is none who has the right to be worshipped except Allaah. Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest and to Allaah belongs all praise.)
Ibn 'Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) used to say: <<Allaahu-Akbar Allaahu-Akbar; Allaahu-Akbar wa-lillaahil-Hamd. Allaahu-Akbar wa ajallu, Allaahu-Akbar 'alaa maa hadaana. [Reported by Baihaqee (3/315) and it has an authentic chain of narration.]
(Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest. Allaah is the Greatest and to Allaah belongs all praise. Allaah is the Greatest and the Most Sublime. Allaah is the Greatest to that which He has guided us to.)
Abdur-Razzaq transmits by the isnaad of Baihaqee in his book as Sunan al-Kubra (3/316)- with an authentic chain of narration - from Salmaan al-Khair (may Allaah Pleased with him): "Make takbeer of Allaah: Say: Allaahu-Akbar Allaahu-Akbar Allaahu-Akbar kabeera"
However many of the lay Muslims have opposed this dhikr that is established upon the pious predecessors (The Sahab & the Tabieen) by innovated dhikr and additions which have no basis at all. Thus Haafidh Ibn Hajr (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in Fath ul-Baaree (2/536): "indeed additions41 have been invented. on this day, which have no basis."
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[1] Reported by Ibn Abee Shaibah in Musannaf and Mahaamlee in Kitaab Salaatul 'Eidain with an authentic chain of narration but it is mursal. Nevertheless it has (some) supporting narrations that strengthen it. Refer to Silsilatul Ahaadeeth as Saheehah (170). The takbeer begins from the time of the proceeding out to the musallaa until the prayer.