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Assalaamu 'alaykum!
In (fiqh) issues Ahlul Dhaahir take from the apparent text and overlook the Ma'aanee (semantics and pragmatics). According to the Dhahirees the Sharee'ah is not Mu'allalah (in need of further clarity) and for this reason the Muhaqqiqoon spoke about them with severe words.
[An example of Ibn Hazm's approach]
For example, regarding Allaah's saying:
[Adh-Dhahabee's refutation against this claim]
Adh-Dhahabee stated:
Ibn Hazm took the apparent text and made it something that he adhered to and nothing else, the Sharee'ah according to him is Mu'allalah and thus he looked at the wording without looking at the Ma'aanee (semantics and pragmatics) as opposed to Ahlul Hadeeth.
[Ibn Taymiyyah's refutation against this claim]
Shaykh Al-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah said:
Footnotes:
(1) As Imaam Ahmad used to say, “Beware of issues in which you have no Imaam (who has preceded you in that issue).“
[Taken from "The Madhhab Of Ahlul Hadeeth" by Shaykh Mashhoor Hasan Aal-Salmaan, p.94 & 103]
[An example of Ibn Hazm's approach]
For example, regarding Allaah's saying:
"...and do not say 'uff' to them (your parents)," [17:23]
Ibn Hazm says in his book As-Saadi':
"None of the Arabs understood that the word 'uff' expresses killing and beating, and if just this ayah has arrived then all that would be haraam is to only say 'uff'."
Ibn Hazm is saying that beating the parents has not been mentioned, only to say 'uff' to them, hereby overlooking the Ma'aanee (semantics and pragmatics).
[Adh-Dhahabee's refutation against this claim]
Adh-Dhahabee stated:
"I said; what is this (which has been stated by Ibn Hazm)?! Due to this rigidity and its like, you (Ibn Hazm) have made a way against your own honor. You have attached yourself to od things, it should be said to you: "no one from the Arabs, Nabateans or intelligent people has ever understood the prohibition in the statement of 'uff' to the parents except that they realise that whatever is worse than saying 'uff' (such as beating the parents for example) takes precedence in also being prohibited." Does a sound sense understand anything but this?
This is out of bringing attention to the higher prohibition (i.e, beating) via referring to the lower prohibition (saying 'uff' to the parents). This is what the Arabic language maintains, and even in fact the non-Arab languages, the Turkish language, the Nabatean language and all forms of verbal communication."
[Taken from Adh-Dhahabees talkhees of the Mulakhas of Ibn Al-'Arabi to the book Ibtaal Al-Qiyaas]This is out of bringing attention to the higher prohibition (i.e, beating) via referring to the lower prohibition (saying 'uff' to the parents). This is what the Arabic language maintains, and even in fact the non-Arab languages, the Turkish language, the Nabatean language and all forms of verbal communication."
Ibn Hazm took the apparent text and made it something that he adhered to and nothing else, the Sharee'ah according to him is Mu'allalah and thus he looked at the wording without looking at the Ma'aanee (semantics and pragmatics) as opposed to Ahlul Hadeeth.
[Ibn Taymiyyah's refutation against this claim]
Shaykh Al-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah said:
"When they neglect the Ma'aanee (semantics and pragmatics) from the speech of Allaah and His Messenger and they do not understand the attention of the adress, as is done by Alhul Dhaahir in regards to when Allaah says: "And do not say 'uff' to them" that this does not include a prohibition of hitting them... a view chosen by Ibn Hazm. This view is of the utmost weakness."
He then goes on to say:
"This rejection, which was of the innovations of the Dhaahirees, was something in which they had no precedent for from anyone from the Salaf (1). For the Salaf were always using this (i.e. taking the Ma'aanee into consideration)."
[Al-Fataawah Al-Kubraa, 1/297]
Footnotes:
(1) As Imaam Ahmad used to say, “Beware of issues in which you have no Imaam (who has preceded you in that issue).“
[Taken from "The Madhhab Of Ahlul Hadeeth" by Shaykh Mashhoor Hasan Aal-Salmaan, p.94 & 103]