salahdin
Junior Member
أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ السَّمِيعِ الْعَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ مِنْ هَمْزَهِ وَنَفْخِهِ وَنَفْثِهِ
سُورَةُ آل عِمرَان
الَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ فِي السَّرَّاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ وَالْكَاظِمِينَ الْغَيْظَ وَالْعَافِينَ عَنِ النَّاسِ وَاللَّـهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ ﴿١٣٤﴾وَالَّذِينَ إِذَا فَعَلُوا فَاحِشَةً أَوْ ظَلَمُوا أَنفُسَهُمْ ذَكَرُوا اللَّـهَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُوا لِذُنُوبِهِمْ وَمَن يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا اللَّـهُ وَلَمْ يُصِرُّوا عَلَىٰ مَا فَعَلُوا وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ ﴿١٣٥﴾
الَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ فِي السَّرَّاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ وَالْكَاظِمِينَ الْغَيْظَ وَالْعَافِينَ عَنِ النَّاسِ وَاللَّـهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ ﴿١٣٤﴾وَالَّذِينَ إِذَا فَعَلُوا فَاحِشَةً أَوْ ظَلَمُوا أَنفُسَهُمْ ذَكَرُوا اللَّـهَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُوا لِذُنُوبِهِمْ وَمَن يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا اللَّـهُ وَلَمْ يُصِرُّوا عَلَىٰ مَا فَعَلُوا وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ ﴿١٣٥﴾
I seek refuge with Allah, the Hearing, the Knowing, from the cursed Satan, from his coercion, lures to arrogance and poems
Surah Al-E-Imran
Those who spend (of that which Allah hath given them) in ease and in adversity, those who control their wrath and are forgiving toward mankind; Allah loveth the good; (134) And those who, when they do an evil thing or wrong themselves, remember Allah and implore forgiveness for their sins - Who forgiveth sins save Allah only? - and will not knowingly repeat (the wrong) they did. (135) The reward of such will be forgiveness from their Lord, and Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide for ever - a bountiful reward for workers! (136) 3:134-136
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ السَّمِيعِ الْعَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ مِنْ هَمْزَهِ وَنَفْخِهِ وَنَفْثِهِ
Allah said,
... وَالْكَاظِمِينَ الْغَيْظَ وَالْعَافِينَ عَنِ النَّاسِ ...
who repress anger, and who pardon men;
for when they are angry, they control their anger and do act upon it. Rather, they even forgive those who hurt them.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Prophet said,
لَيْسَ الشَّدِيدُ بِالصُّرَعَةِ، وَلكِنَّ الشَّدِيدَ الَّذِي يَمْلِكُ نَفْسَهُ عِنْدَ الْغَضَب
The strong person is not he who is able to physically overcome people. The strong person is he who overcomes his rage when he is angry.
This Hadith is also recorded in the Two Sahihs.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah said,
مَنْ أَنْظَرَ مُعْسِرًا أَوْ وَضَعَ لَهُ، وَقَاهُ اللهُ مِنْ فَيْحِ جَهَنَّمَ،
He who gives time to a debtor or forgives him, then Allah will save him from the heat of Jahannam (Hell-fire).
أَلَا إِنَّ عَمَلَ الْجَنَّـةِ حَزْنٌ بِرَبْوَةٍ ثَلَاثًا أَلَا إِنَّ عَمَلَ النَّارِ سَهْلٌ بِسَهْوَةٍ. وَالسَّعِيدُ مَنْ وُقِيَ الْفِتَنَ،
Behold! The deeds of Paradise are difficult to reach, for they are on top of a hill, while the deeds of the Fire are easy to find in the lowlands. The happy person is he who is saved from the tests.
وَمَا مِنْ جَرْعَةٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ مِنْ جَرْعَةِ غَيْظٍ يَكْظِمُهَا عَبْدٌ، مَا كَظَمَهَا عَبْدٌ للهِ إِلَّا مَلَأَ جَوْفَهُ إِيمَانًا
Verily, there is no dose of anything better to Allah than a dose of rage that the servant controls, and whenever the servant of Allah controls it, he will be internally filled with faith.
This Hadith was recorded by Imam Ahmad, its chain of narration is good, it does not contain any disparaged narrators, and the meaning is good.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Sahl bin Mu`adh bin Anas said that his father said that the Messenger of Allah said,
مَنْ كَظَمَ غَيْظًا وَهُوَ قَادِرٌ عَلى أَنْ يُنْفِذَهُ دَعَاهُ اللهُ عَلى رُؤُوسِ الْخَلَائِقِ حَتَّى يُخَيِّرَهُ مِنْ أَيِّ الْحُورِ شَاء
Whoever controlled rage while able to act upon it, then Allah will call him while all creation is a witness, until He gives him the choice of any of the Huris (fair females with wide, lovely eyes - as mates for the pious) he wishes.
Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah collected this Hadith, which At-Tirmidhi said was "Hasan Gharib''.
Ibn Marduwyah recorded that Ibn Umar said that the Messenger of Allah said,
مَا تَجَرَّعَ عَبْدٌ مِنْ جَرْعَةٍ أَفْضَلَ أَجْرًا مِنْ جَرْعَةِ غَيْظٍ كَظَمَهَا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ الله
There is not a dose of anything that the servant takes which is better than a dose of control of rage that he feels, when he does it seeking Allah's Face.
Ibn Jarir and Ibn Majah also collected this Hadith.
Allah said,
... وَالْكَاظِمِينَ الْغَيْظَ ...
who repress anger,
meaning, they do not satisfy their rage upon people. Rather, they refrain from harming them and await their rewards with Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored.
Allah then said,
... وَالْعَافِينَ عَنِ النَّاسِ ...
and who pardon men;
They forgive those who treat them with injustice. Therefore, they do not hold any ill feelings about anyone in their hearts, and this is the most excellent conduct in this regard.
This is why Allah said,
... وَاللّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ ﴿١٣٤﴾
verily, Allah loves the Muhsinin (the good-doers).
This good conduct is a type of Ihsan (excellence in the religion).
There is a Hadith that reads,
ثَلَاثٌ أُقْسِمُ عَلَيْهِنَّ:
مَا نَقَصَ مَالٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ،
وَمَا زَادَ اللهُ عَبْدًا بِعَفْوٍ إِلَّا عِزًّا،
وَمَنْ تَوَاضَعَ للهِ رَفَعَهُ الله
مَا نَقَصَ مَالٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ،
وَمَا زَادَ اللهُ عَبْدًا بِعَفْوٍ إِلَّا عِزًّا،
وَمَنْ تَوَاضَعَ للهِ رَفَعَهُ الله
I swear regarding three matters:
no charity shall ever decrease the wealth;
whenever one forgives people, then Allah will magnify his honor;
and he who is humble for Allah, then Allah will raise his rank.
Allah said,
وَالَّذِينَ إِذَا فَعَلُواْ فَاحِشَةً أَوْ ظَلَمُواْ أَنْفُسَهُمْ ذَكَرُواْ اللّهَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُواْ لِذُنُوبِهِمْ ...
And those who, when they have committed Fahishah or wronged themselves with evil, remember Allah and ask forgiveness for their sins.
Therefore, if they commit an error they follow it with repentance and ask forgiveness.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Prophet said,
إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَذْنَبَ ذَنْبًا فَقَالَ: رَبِّ إِنِّي أَذْنَبْتُ ذَنْبًا فَاغْفِرْهُ،
A man once committed an error and said, `O Lord! I committed an error, so forgive me.'
فَقَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: عَبْدِي عَمِل ذَنْبًا فَعَلِمَ أَنَّ لَهُ رَبًّا يَغْفِرُ الذَّنْبَ وَيَأْخُذُ بِهِ، قَدْ غَفَرْتُ لِعَبْدِي،
Allah said, `My servant committed an error and knew that he has a Lord Who forgives or punishes for the error. I have forgiven My servant.'
ثُمَّ عَمِلَ ذَنْبًا آخَرَ فَقَالَ: رَبِّ إِنِّي عَمِلْتُ ذَنْبًا فَاغْفِرْهُ،
The man committed another error and said, `O Lord! I committed an error, so forgive me.'
فَقَالَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالى: عَلِمَ عَبْدِي أَنَّ لَهُ ربًّا يَغْفِرُ الذَّنْبَ وَيَأْخُذُ بِهِ،قَدْ غَفَرْتُ لِعَبْدِي،
Allah said, `My servant knew that he has a Lord Who forgives or punishes for the sin. I have forgiven My servant.'
ثُمَّ عَمِلَ ذَنْبًا آخَرَ فَقَالَ: رَبِّ إِنِّي عَمِلْتُ ذَنْبًا فَاغْفِرْهُ لِي،
The man committed another error and said, `O Lord! I committed an error, so forgive me.'
فَقَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: عَلِمَ عَبْدِي أَنَّ لَهُ ربًّا يَغْفِرُ الذَّنْبَ وَيَأْخُذُ بِهِ، قَدْ غَفَرْتُ لِعَبْدِي،
Allah said, `My servant knew that he has a Lord Who forgives or punishes for the error. I have forgiven my servant.'
ثُمَّ عَمِلَ ذَنْبًا آخَرَ فَقَالَ: رَبِّ إِنِّي عَمِلْتُ ذَنْبًا فَاغْفِرْهُ لِي،
He then committed another error and said, `O Lord! I committed an error, so forgive me.'
فَقَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: عَلِمَ عَبْدِي أَنَّ لَهُ ربًّا يَغْفِرُ الذَّنْبَ وَيَأْخُذُ بِهِ، أُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي قَدْ غَفَرْتُ لِعَبْدِي فَلْيَعْمَلْ مَا شَاء
Allah said, `My servant knew that he has a Lord Who forgives or punishes for the error. Bear witness that I have forgiven My servant, so let him do whatever he likes.'
A similar narration was collected in the Sahih.
Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Anas bin Malik said,
"I was told that when the Ayah, وَا
لَّذِينَ إِذَا فَعَلُواْ فَاحِشَةً أَوْ ظَلَمُواْ أَنْفُسَهُمْ ذَكَرُواْ اللّهَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُواْ لِذُنُوبِهِمْ
(And those who, when they have committed Fahishah or wronged themselves with evil, remember Allah and ask forgiveness for their sins), was revealed, Iblis (Shaytan) cried.'' Allah's statement,
... وَمَن يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلاَّ اللّهُ ...
and none can forgive sins but Allah,
means that none except Allah forgives sins.
Allah said,
... وَلَمْ يُصِرُّواْ عَلَى مَا فَعَلُواْ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ ﴿١٣٥﴾
And do not persist in what (wrong) they have done, while they know.
for they repent from their error, return to Allah before death, do not insist on error, and if they err again, they repent from it.
Allah said here, وَ
هُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ
(while they know), Mujahid and Abdullah bin Ubayd bin Umayr commented,
"Whoever repents, then Allah will forgive him.''
Similarly, Allah said,
أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ
Know they not that Allah accepts repentance from His servants. (9:104)
and,
وَمَن يَعْمَلْ سُوءاً أَوْ يَظْلِمْ نَفْسَهُ ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ يَجِدِ اللَّهَ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً
And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but afterwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. (4: 110)
and there are several examples similar to this Ayah.
Next, Allah said after this description,
أُوْلَـئِكَ جَزَآؤُهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ ...
For such, the reward is forgiveness from their Lord,
as a reward for these qualities.
...مَّغْفِرَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ وَجَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَارُ ...
forgiveness from their Lord, and Gardens with rivers flowing underneath (Paradise),
carrying all kinds of drinks,
... خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ...
wherein they shall abide forever,
and ever,
... وَنِعْمَ أَجْرُ الْعَامِلِينَ ﴿١٣٦﴾
How excellent is this reward for the doers.
Allah praises Paradise in this part of the Ayah.
