Assalam O Alikum
Thanks for sharing the ahadith .
There is detail to the issue,
First of all the questioner asked if the nafilah of fajr and dhur should be performed before the adhaan or after?
The nafilah associated with the fard prayers like 2 of fajr and 4 before dhur and 2 after it and two after maghrib and 2 after ishaa are called RAWATIB.
They are part of the salah so they can in NO WAY be performed before that adhaan , coz the adhaan is said when the time f the salat comes in or starts so if you pray it before the athaan then you are praying the slat before its time began. just like in case of fajr , if u pray the 2 rakat of fajr nafilah or rawatib then you prayed them before even the time of fajr starts! just know that this is part of the salat. Yes you could pray nawafil before fajr but these 2 are after the adhaan.
One more thing about the nawafil or rawatib.
They are 12
2 before fajr
4 before dhur
2 after dhur
2 after maghrib
2 after ishaa
12 total and there is a hadith that says whoever prays 12 rakaat other than obligatory prayers , Allah will build a house for him in Jannah!
so these are the 12 rakats mentioned inthis hadith
Now the issue if a person for some reason did not pray the rawatib for some reason and he wants to make them up, he can, as it was proved from an authentic narration that the Prophet Sala Lahu Alihi wasallam once returned home from ASR prayer and he prayed 2 rakats , and his wife asked him why did he sala lahu alihi wa salam pray them when it was PROHIBITED time!
So he answered that these were the 2 after Dhur , and after dhur he sala lahu alihi wa salam did not offer them as such and such person from such and such tribe came to him and basically the prophet sala lahu alihi wa salam got busy with him and did not pray them so he is making them up now , AFTER ASR IN PROHIBITED TIME.
So here we can prove that if a person misses the RAWATIB he can make them up later , EVEN if it is in prohibited time , just like in case of asr and even in case of fajr as it was proved that
one of the companions offered 2 rakats right after salat of fajr( and we know that this is the prohibited time) and the prophet sala lahu alihi wa salam asked him what did he just pray and he replied he missed the 2 rakat nafil before fajr so he prayed them now. so the prohpet sala lahu alihi wa salam kept quiet. and did not ask him not to do it agian or tell him it was wrong.
Same thing with the Tahiyatul masjid and wudu , and 2 rakat nafils after completing Tawaf of kaaba.
Now it is said that one should pray 4 before dhur and 4 after dhur , like 2 sunah and 2 nafl , the evidence for this is that In saheeh Muslim there is a narration that the prophet sala lahu alihi wa salam said whoever prays 4 before dhur(2+2 is the best way) and 4 after dhur(2+2) Allah will forbid him on Hell fire!
so it is good to pray 4 before and 4 after dhur, but if a person is praying 2 after dhur , then he is right also , as the rawatib/nafil SUNNAH after dhur is 2.
Sorry for the lenght of this mesage
just wanted to prove
1- Nafil/Rawatib associated with fard are to be prayed after adhaan , when the time of the prayer starst , no way before the time starts. as they are part of that particular prayer and can only be offered when the time of the prayer starts, which is the adhaan.
2- there are 12 nafils , and whoever prays them Allah will build a house for him in Paradise.( Besides it is nice to pray them as in Qiyamah if we have any shortage of Fard obligatory prayers Allah will complete it with nafils , so if we have missed lots of prayers in our pervious life we should hold on to these nafils to make up for those prayers) n also with nafils we get closer to Allah
Allah says in another hadith “My slave keeps on coming closer to Me through performing Nawafil (praying or doing extra deeds besides what is obligatory) till I love him, so I become his sense of hearing with which he hears, and his sense of sight with which he sees, and his hand with which he grips, and his leg with which he walks; and if he asks Me, I will give him,
and if he asks My protection (Refuge), I will protect him; (i.e. give him My Refuge) and I do not hesitate to do anything as I hesitate to take the soul of the believer, for he hates death, and I hate to disappoint him." [Al-Bukhari]( means he does with his hands , eyes and ears what Pleases Allah and refrains these parts from doing what Allah has forbade)
3- There are times when praying is prohibited , but certain nafils can be prayed , like if some one missed nafils/rawatib of dhur or fajr , but not other voluntairy nafils. Those are prohibited , but any of the rawatib mentioned can be made up in prohibited time. And also Tahiyatul -masjid and Wudu can be prayed in prohibited time, as the Prophet Sala Lahu Alihi wa salam has ORDERED us not to sit when we eneter a mosque untill we pray 2 rakats(tahiatul masjid). ALSO The Nafils after Tawaf, when we go for Umrah or do a voulntairy Tawaf of the Kaaba , then we have to pray 2 nafils after it , now if a person does umrah after asr or fajr , he HAS to pray them , even if iit is the prohibited time. as these are obligatory after tawaf.(these have been proved by the scholars)
4- it is good to pray 4 before dhur and 4 after it 2+2 as it has a beautiful reward.
AND ALLAH KNOWS BEST , please do correct me if i am wrong
AssalM O Alikum