salahdin
Junior Member
The Prophet said: "Whoever hits or beats a servant must expiate for his sin by freeing him". [Note: Reported by Abu Dawud (No.5168) and Muslim (No.1657)]
Furthermore, Islam urges everyone to be merciful to animals whether they are used for ridding, carrying loads, or eating their meat, along with other animals such as dogs, cats and the like. The directives in Islam in this respect, have been and until now steps a head of other civilizations in the advocation of animal welfare. In Islamic Fiqh there are jurisdictions and various branches which deal with this. And in the Islamic Civilization itself one witnesses the peak of our history, when it raised above all other nations on earth. [Note: See my book, "Madkhal li-Drast Al-shari `ah Al-islamiah, (Introduction to the Study of Islamic Law), the chapter on Morals.]
Mu'awiyah Ibn Qura reported on his father's authority that a man said:"O Messenger of Allah, I have mercy on the sheep before I slaughter it". The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: "If you have mercy on it, Allah will have mercy on you." [Note: Reported by Al-Hakim]
Ibn Abbas reported that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) passed by a man who lay an ewe on the ground while he was sharpening his blade, and exclaimed: "Do you want it to experience death twice? You should sharpen your blade before you lay it on the ground". [Note: Reported by Al-Tabarani in Al-Kabir and Al-Awsat.]
`Abdullah Ibn `Amr reported that the Prophet (Peace he upon him) said: "Whoever kills a sparrow or anything that is greater than this without its due reason, then Allah will ask him about it on the Day of Judgment." He said:"What is its due reason, O, Messenger of Allah?" He said: "To slaughter it for the sake of eating, and avoid cutting its throat off to be thrown." [Note: Reported by Al-Nasa'i and Al-Hakim]
Ibn Sirin reported that `Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) saw a man dragging an ewe by its leg in order to slaughter it so he exclaimed:"Woe to you! Lead it to death in a merciful way." [Note: Reported by `Abd Al-Raziq]
Ibn `Umar narrated that he passed by a group of Quraishi youths who used a bird (or a chicken) as a target for their arrows and they settled in favor with the owner of the bird for every missed shot. But as soon as they saw Ibn `Umar they dispersed and he exclaimed: "Who did this? May Allah curse who did this! The Prophet (Peace be upon him) cursed those who used a soul as a target for their arrows." [Note: Agreed upon. Al-Lu'Iu' Wal Marjan (No 1279)]
Ibn Mas'ud narrated that:"Once we were traveling with the Prophet (Peace he upon him) and he went to do something, meanwhile (we found a bird-Hamra- with its young ones) so we took them. The bird came and flapped its wings continuously. Then the Prophet (Peace be upon him) asked: "Who has distressed this bird by taking its young? Return them to it at once."
When he saw that some dwellings of ants had been burnt he asked: "Who burnt this?" We answered, "We did." He said: "No one should torture with fire but its Creator. [Note: Reported by Abu Dawud in the book of Jihad (No.2675).]
Ibn `Umar reported that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: "A woman entered Hell because she had tied up a cat, without giving it food or setting it free to eat the vermin of the earth." In another version, "A women is punished because she had tied up a cat till it died, she neither feed it, nor give it water in its confinement. Yet she further set it not free it to eat the vermin of the earth." [Note: Reported by Al-Bukhari and others on the authority of Ibn `Umar.]
(Vermin meaning insects, sparrows and similar creatures.) Thus the one who imprisones a cat is severely punished. What then will be the punishment of those who, unjustly imprison thousands of innocent believers who have committed no crime but saying: Allah is our Lord?!!
Sahl Ibn Al-Hanzaliya reported that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) saw a camel which was carrying a huge load to the extent that one could neither see its back nor its belly, so he said:"Fear Allah when you deal with these beasts of burden. They must be healthy for riding and eating". [Note: Reported by Abu Dawud (no. 2548), Ahmad, and Ibn Hibban.]
Ibn Hibban' s version of this hadith reports:"Ride them when they are healthy and slaughter the fat thereof."
Imam Ibn Hibban commented that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: "Ride them when they are healthy." as a proof that one should avoid riding the weak and boney camel until it becomes healthy enough. And he said: "Slaughter the fat thereof," to clarify that it is preferred to avoid slaughtering the boney camel until it becomes healthy enough.
Ibn `Abbas [Note: It is reported of Ibn `Abbas by Abu Dawud in the book of Jihad and Al-Tirmidhi] reported that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) prohibited inciting animals against each other as people do with rams and cocks.
Ibn Jabir reported that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) prohibited slapping and branding the face. [Note: Reported by Muslim (No. 2117), Abu Dawud (No.2564), and Al Tirmidhi (No.1710)] Thus the Caliphs and leaders used to rebuke anyone who was cruel to animals.
Malik narrated that once `Umar Ibn Al-Khattab passed by a donkey which was carrying unburned bricks, and he removed two bricks to relieve him from his weight. The owner of the donkey rushed towards `Umar and exclaimed, "O `Umar! Why did you do that? Do you have the authority to do so?"`Umar answered:"For what reason am I the Caliph of Muslims then?"
Ibn Rushd commented on `Umar's words here, saying that the meaning was clear to the Chosen Prophet - Al Mustafa, (Peace be upon him) who said:"All of you are guardians and responsible for your charges. The ruler (i.e., Imam) is a guardian and responsible for his subjects...etc". [Note: Agreed upon on the authority of Ibn `Umar.]
On another occasion, `Umar said:"If a camel died at the coast of the Euphrates out of negligence, I would be afraid that Allah would ask me for it. [Note: Al-Kittani, Al- Taratib Al-Idariah (vol.2, p.152)]
Abdu Al-Razaq reported on the authority of Ibn Sirin, that once `Umar saw a man dragging an ewe by its leg for slaughter so he exclaimed: "Woe to you! Lead her to death in a merciful way. [Note: Al-Mundhiri, Al-Targhib]
In Tabaqat by Ibn Sa'ad, Al-Masaib Ibn Darirn reported that he saw `Umar Ibn Al-Khattab beating a porter who had over-burdened his camel saying: "O! Why do you burden your camel beyond its capacity ?'' [Note: Al-Taratib Al-Idariah]
`Umar Ibn "Abdul `Aziz followed in the footsteps of `Umar, the first.
With regards to the excellent characters of `Urnar Ibn `Abdul `Aziz, Ibn `Abdul Hakam narrated that `Umar wrote to the one in charge of transportation ordering him to prohibit over-loading the animals and guiding them with a whip which has an iron end. He also wrote to Hayyan in Egypt saying:"I was told that there are animals used for carrying loads which weigh more than one thousand "Ratl'. On receiving my letter I will not accept that any animal in Egypt carries more than six hundred "Ratl" [Note: Ibn `Abdul Hakam, Sirat `Umar Ibn `Abdul `Aziz (the Bioyraphy of `Umar Ibn `Abdul `Aziz), p.13. Also Al-Taratib Al- Idariah, vol.2, p.152]
Scholars have determined the necessary criteria with regards to taking care of animals which is incumbent upon the owner. This is explained in the books of jurisprudence under the title "The Book of Maintainance". They also determined how man should treat dogs, birds and other similar creatures in full unprecedented detail. These details were not only motivated by financial or social benefits, as in conventional laws. Rather, the impetus was of a higher nature, i.e., by sheer moral motivation. In other words, it aimed at putting an end to injustice and harm towards every living entity which feels pain irrespective of the fact that it is unable to speak or complain.
With such expositions, they were able to deduce when one is allowed to whip an animal? Where to hit it and in what manner? Thus, they said that the animal should be whipped only if it rebels and it should not be whipped when stumbling as it is accidental unlike rebellion. They further declared that no one should hit it on its face nor hit with a piece of iron or with a whip which has an iron end or any metal as `Umar Ibn `Abdul `Aziz warned against.
I will here quote extracts from a book of Fiqh that highly esteemed by the Hanbali school of thought entitled "Sharh Ghait-ul-Muntaha." "The Explanation of the Carved End".
"The owner of an animal is obliged to feed and give water to it even if it became useless, until it is satisfied from both as Ibn `Umar narrated that a woman entered Hell because she had tied up a cat, neither giving it food, nor setting it free to eat from the vermin of the earth."
"If one is unable to withstand its expenses, he will be forced to sell, rent or slaughter it, for doing so he will put an end to its suffering but leaving it without food and water, will cause it to die and wasting money is prohibited."
"If one refused these options, then the ruler should order that one of these options is implemented or he may lend him money if he was in difficulty."
"It is forbidden to curse animals as Ahmad and Muslim narrated on the authority of `Umar that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) was traveling and heard a woman curse a camel, so he said: "Take what is on its back and let it free for it is cursed." It seems to me that I can imagine it walking before people and no one attempts to hold its rein.
Ahmad and Muslim narrated on the authority of Abi Bazra that the Prophet said:"We will not have an accursed camel in our company."
Also, Muslim narrated on the authority of Abu Adarda' that the Prophet said: "Those who are in the habit of cursing will not bear intercession nor witness on the Day of Judgment." "It is forbidden to overburden the animal for it is a kind of torture. It is also forbidden to milk it in a way that might endanger the health of its young one as its milk is created for its young just as the case with the son of the woman. The Sunnah prescribes that the one who is in charge of milking should cut his/her nails so that its udder is not scratched."
"It is forbidden to slap or brand the face for the Prophet (Peace be upon him) cursed whoever slaps or brands a face. It is disliked to clip the forelock or the tail. It is also disliked to put a bell around it or to over feed it as people do in the habit of doing so it gains weight."
"The owner of the dog must feed, and give water to it. If not, he should set it free for not doing so will expose it to starvation and hence, torture. It is forbidden to tie the animal until it dies of thirst or hunger as the hadith says, "If you are to slaughter an animal, you should be merciful in doing so." [Note: Matalib`Uli Al-Nuha, vol. 5 p. 262-264. The hadith. "If you are to slaughter an animal,..." reported by Muslim on the authority of Shadad Ibn Aws.]
Mercy Halal Islamic Slaughter Part 1
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Mercy Halal Islamic Slaughter Part 2 - A
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Furthermore, Islam urges everyone to be merciful to animals whether they are used for ridding, carrying loads, or eating their meat, along with other animals such as dogs, cats and the like. The directives in Islam in this respect, have been and until now steps a head of other civilizations in the advocation of animal welfare. In Islamic Fiqh there are jurisdictions and various branches which deal with this. And in the Islamic Civilization itself one witnesses the peak of our history, when it raised above all other nations on earth. [Note: See my book, "Madkhal li-Drast Al-shari `ah Al-islamiah, (Introduction to the Study of Islamic Law), the chapter on Morals.]
Mu'awiyah Ibn Qura reported on his father's authority that a man said:"O Messenger of Allah, I have mercy on the sheep before I slaughter it". The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: "If you have mercy on it, Allah will have mercy on you." [Note: Reported by Al-Hakim]
Ibn Abbas reported that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) passed by a man who lay an ewe on the ground while he was sharpening his blade, and exclaimed: "Do you want it to experience death twice? You should sharpen your blade before you lay it on the ground". [Note: Reported by Al-Tabarani in Al-Kabir and Al-Awsat.]
`Abdullah Ibn `Amr reported that the Prophet (Peace he upon him) said: "Whoever kills a sparrow or anything that is greater than this without its due reason, then Allah will ask him about it on the Day of Judgment." He said:"What is its due reason, O, Messenger of Allah?" He said: "To slaughter it for the sake of eating, and avoid cutting its throat off to be thrown." [Note: Reported by Al-Nasa'i and Al-Hakim]
Ibn Sirin reported that `Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) saw a man dragging an ewe by its leg in order to slaughter it so he exclaimed:"Woe to you! Lead it to death in a merciful way." [Note: Reported by `Abd Al-Raziq]
Ibn `Umar narrated that he passed by a group of Quraishi youths who used a bird (or a chicken) as a target for their arrows and they settled in favor with the owner of the bird for every missed shot. But as soon as they saw Ibn `Umar they dispersed and he exclaimed: "Who did this? May Allah curse who did this! The Prophet (Peace be upon him) cursed those who used a soul as a target for their arrows." [Note: Agreed upon. Al-Lu'Iu' Wal Marjan (No 1279)]
Ibn Mas'ud narrated that:"Once we were traveling with the Prophet (Peace he upon him) and he went to do something, meanwhile (we found a bird-Hamra- with its young ones) so we took them. The bird came and flapped its wings continuously. Then the Prophet (Peace be upon him) asked: "Who has distressed this bird by taking its young? Return them to it at once."
When he saw that some dwellings of ants had been burnt he asked: "Who burnt this?" We answered, "We did." He said: "No one should torture with fire but its Creator. [Note: Reported by Abu Dawud in the book of Jihad (No.2675).]
Ibn `Umar reported that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: "A woman entered Hell because she had tied up a cat, without giving it food or setting it free to eat the vermin of the earth." In another version, "A women is punished because she had tied up a cat till it died, she neither feed it, nor give it water in its confinement. Yet she further set it not free it to eat the vermin of the earth." [Note: Reported by Al-Bukhari and others on the authority of Ibn `Umar.]
(Vermin meaning insects, sparrows and similar creatures.) Thus the one who imprisones a cat is severely punished. What then will be the punishment of those who, unjustly imprison thousands of innocent believers who have committed no crime but saying: Allah is our Lord?!!
Sahl Ibn Al-Hanzaliya reported that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) saw a camel which was carrying a huge load to the extent that one could neither see its back nor its belly, so he said:"Fear Allah when you deal with these beasts of burden. They must be healthy for riding and eating". [Note: Reported by Abu Dawud (no. 2548), Ahmad, and Ibn Hibban.]
Ibn Hibban' s version of this hadith reports:"Ride them when they are healthy and slaughter the fat thereof."
Imam Ibn Hibban commented that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: "Ride them when they are healthy." as a proof that one should avoid riding the weak and boney camel until it becomes healthy enough. And he said: "Slaughter the fat thereof," to clarify that it is preferred to avoid slaughtering the boney camel until it becomes healthy enough.
Ibn `Abbas [Note: It is reported of Ibn `Abbas by Abu Dawud in the book of Jihad and Al-Tirmidhi] reported that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) prohibited inciting animals against each other as people do with rams and cocks.
Ibn Jabir reported that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) prohibited slapping and branding the face. [Note: Reported by Muslim (No. 2117), Abu Dawud (No.2564), and Al Tirmidhi (No.1710)] Thus the Caliphs and leaders used to rebuke anyone who was cruel to animals.
Malik narrated that once `Umar Ibn Al-Khattab passed by a donkey which was carrying unburned bricks, and he removed two bricks to relieve him from his weight. The owner of the donkey rushed towards `Umar and exclaimed, "O `Umar! Why did you do that? Do you have the authority to do so?"`Umar answered:"For what reason am I the Caliph of Muslims then?"
Ibn Rushd commented on `Umar's words here, saying that the meaning was clear to the Chosen Prophet - Al Mustafa, (Peace be upon him) who said:"All of you are guardians and responsible for your charges. The ruler (i.e., Imam) is a guardian and responsible for his subjects...etc". [Note: Agreed upon on the authority of Ibn `Umar.]
On another occasion, `Umar said:"If a camel died at the coast of the Euphrates out of negligence, I would be afraid that Allah would ask me for it. [Note: Al-Kittani, Al- Taratib Al-Idariah (vol.2, p.152)]
Abdu Al-Razaq reported on the authority of Ibn Sirin, that once `Umar saw a man dragging an ewe by its leg for slaughter so he exclaimed: "Woe to you! Lead her to death in a merciful way. [Note: Al-Mundhiri, Al-Targhib]
In Tabaqat by Ibn Sa'ad, Al-Masaib Ibn Darirn reported that he saw `Umar Ibn Al-Khattab beating a porter who had over-burdened his camel saying: "O! Why do you burden your camel beyond its capacity ?'' [Note: Al-Taratib Al-Idariah]
`Umar Ibn "Abdul `Aziz followed in the footsteps of `Umar, the first.
With regards to the excellent characters of `Urnar Ibn `Abdul `Aziz, Ibn `Abdul Hakam narrated that `Umar wrote to the one in charge of transportation ordering him to prohibit over-loading the animals and guiding them with a whip which has an iron end. He also wrote to Hayyan in Egypt saying:"I was told that there are animals used for carrying loads which weigh more than one thousand "Ratl'. On receiving my letter I will not accept that any animal in Egypt carries more than six hundred "Ratl" [Note: Ibn `Abdul Hakam, Sirat `Umar Ibn `Abdul `Aziz (the Bioyraphy of `Umar Ibn `Abdul `Aziz), p.13. Also Al-Taratib Al- Idariah, vol.2, p.152]
Scholars have determined the necessary criteria with regards to taking care of animals which is incumbent upon the owner. This is explained in the books of jurisprudence under the title "The Book of Maintainance". They also determined how man should treat dogs, birds and other similar creatures in full unprecedented detail. These details were not only motivated by financial or social benefits, as in conventional laws. Rather, the impetus was of a higher nature, i.e., by sheer moral motivation. In other words, it aimed at putting an end to injustice and harm towards every living entity which feels pain irrespective of the fact that it is unable to speak or complain.
With such expositions, they were able to deduce when one is allowed to whip an animal? Where to hit it and in what manner? Thus, they said that the animal should be whipped only if it rebels and it should not be whipped when stumbling as it is accidental unlike rebellion. They further declared that no one should hit it on its face nor hit with a piece of iron or with a whip which has an iron end or any metal as `Umar Ibn `Abdul `Aziz warned against.
I will here quote extracts from a book of Fiqh that highly esteemed by the Hanbali school of thought entitled "Sharh Ghait-ul-Muntaha." "The Explanation of the Carved End".
"The owner of an animal is obliged to feed and give water to it even if it became useless, until it is satisfied from both as Ibn `Umar narrated that a woman entered Hell because she had tied up a cat, neither giving it food, nor setting it free to eat from the vermin of the earth."
"If one is unable to withstand its expenses, he will be forced to sell, rent or slaughter it, for doing so he will put an end to its suffering but leaving it without food and water, will cause it to die and wasting money is prohibited."
"If one refused these options, then the ruler should order that one of these options is implemented or he may lend him money if he was in difficulty."
"It is forbidden to curse animals as Ahmad and Muslim narrated on the authority of `Umar that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) was traveling and heard a woman curse a camel, so he said: "Take what is on its back and let it free for it is cursed." It seems to me that I can imagine it walking before people and no one attempts to hold its rein.
Ahmad and Muslim narrated on the authority of Abi Bazra that the Prophet said:"We will not have an accursed camel in our company."
Also, Muslim narrated on the authority of Abu Adarda' that the Prophet said: "Those who are in the habit of cursing will not bear intercession nor witness on the Day of Judgment." "It is forbidden to overburden the animal for it is a kind of torture. It is also forbidden to milk it in a way that might endanger the health of its young one as its milk is created for its young just as the case with the son of the woman. The Sunnah prescribes that the one who is in charge of milking should cut his/her nails so that its udder is not scratched."
"It is forbidden to slap or brand the face for the Prophet (Peace be upon him) cursed whoever slaps or brands a face. It is disliked to clip the forelock or the tail. It is also disliked to put a bell around it or to over feed it as people do in the habit of doing so it gains weight."
"The owner of the dog must feed, and give water to it. If not, he should set it free for not doing so will expose it to starvation and hence, torture. It is forbidden to tie the animal until it dies of thirst or hunger as the hadith says, "If you are to slaughter an animal, you should be merciful in doing so." [Note: Matalib`Uli Al-Nuha, vol. 5 p. 262-264. The hadith. "If you are to slaughter an animal,..." reported by Muslim on the authority of Shadad Ibn Aws.]
Mercy Halal Islamic Slaughter Part 1
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Mercy Halal Islamic Slaughter Part 2 - A
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