so what does this verse exactly mean:
وَلَقَدۡ خَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ وَنَعۡلَمُ مَا تُوَسۡوِسُ بِهِۦ نَفۡسُهُ ۥ*!ۖ وَنَحۡنُ أَقۡرَبُ إِلَيۡهِ مِنۡ حَبۡلِ ٱلۡوَرِيدِ
Translation (50-16):
And indeed We have created man, and We know whatever thoughts his inner self develops, and We are closer to him than (his) jugular vein, [16]
is it his knowledge is closer to us then our jugular vein adn that he knows more about us and has knowledge of what we do and can see closer to how close the jugular vein to us. am i making sense or please someone tell me what im trying to think.
plus, in the quran allah mentions We, sometimes he refers to himself as i but most of the time We, i understand from shariah studies that allah refers to himself as We, because allah is great and high and has so many attributes and he is independant but because of all his powers and attributes, he is high and great and so he uses We to refer to all his attributes and powers and highness. is this right? this is not what my teacher said exactly but this is how i understood it.
so because Allah says We, refering to himself, then when he says he desceds down to the lowest heaven, does he say we or i descend down to the lowest heaven? and if he says i descend then does that mean one of his attributes eg: knowledge will descend and if he says we descend does that mean all his powers and attributes descend with him?
allah is so powerful and strong and and and, so much to say subhan allah, so when allah descends to the lowest heavens, wont it be too strong for us to handle as in so strong our hearts is not able to handle his descendance? this is what i mean, a very strong wind comes down to earth it is so hard for us to go outside for example and cope with it. its too strong to handle, and in winter, its cold and freezing, our hearts cant handle it sometimes, and in summer, the heat of the sun is too powerful for anyone to look at or go under, so the powers of allah, descending to the lowest heavens, is there a sense that we sense?
Gabriel, when the angel use to come to the prophet (saw), i heard it was very hard for him to handle i think he use to sweat and get tired or something when i find this i will let you know exactly what i mean.
is my imagination going too far and i should stop. or is it okay to enquire and learn and be suspicous or am i going too far with this topic?
please tell me so i can stop because i feel i want to know more about Allah and how close he is to us and how how close and how it works and i know there is no how's but is there any information that can PLEASE put my mind more to ease because i feel i want to learn more.
Assalaamu `alaykkum. Just a few things worthy of mention
Ibn Taymiyyah rahimahullaah mentions in his `Aqeedatul Waasitiyyah
"And from Eemaan in Allaah is Eemaan in what He describes Himself with in His Book, and what His Messenger Muhammad :saw2: has described Him with." and this is also like the saying of Imaam Ahmed as narrated by Ibn Battah in Al-Ibaanah Al-Kubraa:
"We worship Allah with His Attributes as He described Himself … we do not exceed the Quran and Hadeeth. We say as He said, and we describe Him as He described Himself, and we do not exceed that."
And it is from the creed/methodology of Ahlus-Sunnah wal Jamaa`ah that we believe in the attributes of Allaah without Tahreef (Distorting), nor Ta'weel (interpretation), nor Ta`teel (Denial), nor Takyeef (saying How), nor Tamtheel (Likening Allaah to anything)
What it means by Tahreef is that some of innovaters would say in the ayah:
"Ar-Rahmaan ascended (Istawaa) above the Throne [Sooraah 20: 5]" and instead of the word "Istawaa" they would say "Istawlaa" and they have added the letter Laam, which gives the meaning "conquered". Such is the filth of some of the innovators that they dare to add to the words of Allaah Subhaanah. This is indeed Kufr!
As for Ta'weel, then it is only allowed to interpret/explain with proof. But you would see some people who would explain the attributes of Allaah with no proof. When Allaah Subhaanah, affirms His Face, Hands etc, you would see some people trying to give explanations to it which has no basis in either the Qur'aan nor Sunnah.
Ta`teel is when people deny the attributes of Allaah, and you would see them saying, for example, that: "We deny that Allaah is All-Hearing". And obviously this would be clear-cut Kufr, so thus what the innovators would do is, they give an invalid explanation to the attributes of Allaah and then follow their interpretation, which is based on their desires.
As for Takyeef, then it means that we do not ask How, rather we believe in it and do not question it. As Allaah mentions:
"and they will never encompass anything of His Knowledge, except that which He Wills" [Soorah Baqarah: 255]
And it is worthy of mention the saying of Imaam Maalik, when someone asked "How does He (Allaah) rise (over His throne)", to which Imaam Maalik rahimahullaah replied while he was soaked in sweat:
"The specific details are incomprehensible, however ascending is something not unknown, having faith in it is obligatory, and questioning about it is an innovation. And I believe that you are a person of innovation."
And finally Tamtheel is when you liken Allaah to His creation, and it should be clear that there is nothing like unto Him, Subhaanahu wa T`aalaa. As he says:
"There is nothing like unto Him" [Soorah Ash Shoora: 11]. Thus when we affirm that Hands, Face of Allaah etc, we do not say that His Face looks like ours, or like so and so etc, rather we affirm the words of Allaah about His Face, and we stay far away from likening it to anything.
Now coming to your questions, then let me bring you the saying of Allaah in Soorah al-Hadeed: 4
"He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six Days and then Istawa (rose over) the Throne (in a manner that suits His Majesty). He knows what goes into the earth and what comes forth from it, what descends from the heaven and what ascends thereto. And He is with you wheresoever you may be. And Allah is the All-Seer of what you do. "
You would notice that Allaah mentions that He is above the throne and at the same time he mentions that He is with you wheresoever you are. The majority of the Salafus Saalih (Righteous Predecessors) [And it is their way we take in terms of our deen], interpreted it to mean Knowledge in this verse and that Allaah is with us through His attributes (and there are numerous verses that mentions this:
"And He is with you (ma`akum) wherever you may be", and
"Indeed Allaah is with (ma`a) those who have taqwaa and those who do good").
And this is not giving false interpretation, rather it is affirming what Allaah has described about Himself, since this is what the Arabic language indicates. Al-Asbahaani, a scholar who wrote a dictionary for words in the Quran, said:
ma’a (with) can mean coming together physically, or in time (i.e. they were born together), or to indicate help
With saying this, it can also be said as Ibn Taymiyyah rahimahullaah mentioned Maa'iyyah (Allaah being with His creation) in its real sense. And pay attention, this is NOT like what the Soofees claim that Allaah is everywhere, or that Allaah is right next to us etc. And I want you to carefully pay attention to what Ibn Taymiyyah rahimahullaah says about this. He said:
"It is said: 'The moon is with us while we are walking;' while it is in the heavens. And it is one of the smallest creatures; then, how is that the Creator, the Mighty and Sublime, can not be with the creation, while the creatures are nothing compared to Him and He is above His Heavens?!" and we see that it was common for the arabs to say "The moon is with us while we are walking, or the sun is with us etc", and this does not mean the moon is right next to them, but rather moon is high above and yet it can be used to say that it is with us. If the combination of being high and being with us be possible with a creation (the moon, sun etc), then it is more worthy to combine the two for Allaah (the Creator).
Thus we can see in the arabic language, there is no contradiction between the interpretation that it means that Allaah is with us through His attributes (knowledge, support, hearing, seeing etc.) and the interpretation that He (the Most High) is with us in the real sense. [I hope I have made myself clear]
With regards to the descent of Allaah to the lowest Heaven, then there follows the narration narrated by both Bukhaari and Muslim (Agreed upon), that the Messenger of Allaah :saw2: said:
"Our Lord descends to the lowest heaven every night when the last third of the night remains, saying: ' Who is it that will call upon Me so that I can answer him. Who is it that will ask Me so that I give him? Who is it that will seek My forgiveness so that I forgive Him?"
This hadeeth is narrated in the most authentic of books (namely Bukhaari and Muslim) and was narrated from the Prophet :saw2: by approximately 28 of the Sahaabah (may Allaah be pleased with them) and Ahl al-Sunnah are unanimously agreed that it is to be accepted.
And it is from the creed of Ahlus-Sunnah that we affirm that Allaah descends to the lowest heaven without asking How, or even likening Him to the creation. Once you start picturing it in your mind, then shaytaan will create doubts in your heart, thus the safest path is to believe the words of Allaah
"There is nothing like unto Him" and stay far away from imagining Him (Subhaanah) or likening Him.
Thus it is descending in a real sense, in a manner that befits His majesty and Might. So we believe that He (Subhaanah) descends and we also affirm that Allaah is above His Throne. Delving too much into how Allaah can be above the throne and also descend at the same time etc, will only lead to doubts and thus end up in Kufr. Thus it is not permissible to distort the meaning of the hadeeth by saying that what is meant is that it is His command or mercy that descends, or that one of His angels descends. This is false for several reasons:
(i) This misinterpretation goes against the apparent meaning of the hadeeth. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) attributed descent or the act of descending to Allaah, and the basic principle is that a thing is attributed to the one who does it, so if it is attributed to someone else, that is a distortion that goes against this basic principle. We know that the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is the most knowledgeable of all people about Allaah, and that he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is the most eloquent of mankind and the most truthful in what he says. There are no lies in his speech and it is impossible for him to attribute something to Allaah that is not one of His names or attributes or actions or rulings. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And if he (Muhammad) had forged a false saying concerning Us (Allaah),
45. We surely would have seized him by his right hand (or with power and might),
46. And then We certainly would have cut off his life artery (aorta)”
[al-Haaqqah 69:44-46]
Moreover the only intention of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was to guide mankind, so if he said, “Our Lord descends” and someone else says something that runs contrary to the apparent meaning of these words, such as saying that His command descends, then we say: Do you have more knowledge about Allaah than the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)? The Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “Our Lord descends” but you say His command descends. Or are you more sincere towards the ummah than he was, since he (allegedly) concealed what he was supposed to tell them and told them something different. Undoubtedly the person who tells the people one thing but means something else is not sincere towards them. Or do you think that you are more eloquent than the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)?! Undoubtedly such a misinterpretation implies that one is accusing the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) of some kind of shortcoming that a Muslim can never accept on the part of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).
(ii) The descent of His command and mercy is not restricted to this part of the night, rather His command and mercy descend all the time. If it is said that what is meant is a specific command or specific mercy which does not happen all the time, the answer to that is that if we assume that this interpretation is correct, then the hadeeth indicates that where the descent of this thing ends is in the lowest heaven, so what benefit can it be to us if mercy descend to the lowest heaven without reaching us? Why would the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) even tell us about it?
(iii) The hadeeth indicates that the One Who descends says: “Who will call upon Me, that I may answer Him? Who will ask of Me, that I may give him? Who will seek My forgiveness, that I may forgive him?” No one can say that except Allaah, may He be exalted and it would be shirk to say that the angels say "Who will call upon Me, that I may answer Him?" etc.
I hope I have made myself clear. Please feel free to ask if you have any more questions.
BarakAllaahu feek
Wassalaamu `alaykkum