Praise be to Allaah.
Praise be to Allaah for making you keen to do naafil acts of worship. We ask Him to make us and you steadfast in doing that.
With regard to your question about forming the intention to fast from the night before, there is sound evidence from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) that the intention to observe a naafil fast formed on the morning of the day itself is valid, so long as a person has not ingested anything that breaks the fast after dawn. ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) entered upon his family one day and said: “Do you have anything (i.e., any food)?” They said, “No.” He said, “Then I am fasting.” (Muslim, 1154, 170). The word “idhan” (translated here as “then”, in the sense of “in that case”) indicates that it is permissible to form the intention of observing a naafil fast on the day itself. This is unlike the obligatory fasts, which are not valid unless one forms the intention the night before, because of the hadeeth, “Whoever does not form the intention to fast before dawn, has not fasted.” Abu Dawood, 2454; al-Tirmidhi, 726; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Jaami’, 6535. What is meant here is obligatory fasts.
Based on this, then your fast is valid. With regard to getting the reward for fasting, will this be reward for the whole day or from the time of the intention only? Shaykh al-‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
There are two scholarly opinions on this matter. The first is that he will be rewarded from the beginning of the day, because the correct Islamic fast can only be from the start of the day.
The second view is that he will only be rewarded from the time of his intention, and if he formed the intention at midday then he will be rewarded for half a day. This is the correct view, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “Actions are but by intentions, and each person will have but that which he intended.” This man only formed the intention during the day, so he will be rewarded from the time he formed the intention.
Based on the correct opinion, if a fast is connected to a particular day, such as fasting on Mondays and Thursdays, and fasting on al-ayaam al-beed (the 13th, 14th and 15th of each Hijri month) or fasting three days each month, and a person forms the intention during the day, he will not be rewarded for the entire day.
Al-Sharh al-Mumti’, 6/373.
The same applies to the case of one who did not intend to fast ‘Ashoora until after dawn had come: he will not get the reward for fasting ‘Ashoora’, which is the expiation of one year, because his case is not like that of one fasted the whole day of ‘Ashoora’, rather he only fasted part of it, from the moment he first formed the intention of fasting.
But he will be rewarded in the general sense of the reward for fasting during the month of Allaah Muharram, which is the best kind of fasting after Ramadaan (as it says in Saheeh Muslim, 1163).
Perhaps one of the main reasons for your and many people’s not knowing when ‘Ashoora is, or al-ayyaam al-beed, until the day has started, is – as you mention – use of the Gregorian calendar. Perhaps missing out on these special days will motivate you and others whom Allaah blesses with guidance, to follow the lunar Hijri calendar which Allaah has prescribed for His slaves and approved of for His religion, even if that is only with regard to their personal dealings, so as to revive this calendar which reminds us of different shar’i occasions, and in order to be different from the People of the Book whom we are commanded to differ from and be distinct with regard to their rituals and unique characteristics, especially since the lunar calendar was followed by the earlier Prophets, as may be understood from the hadeeth which mentions the reason why the Jews fasted ‘Ashoora – which is a day that is known through the lunar calendar. They said that it was the day on which Allaah had saved Moosa. This indicates that they followed a lunar calendar and not the months of the solar European calendar.
Al-Sharh al-Mumti’, 6/471
May Allaah make your missing out on this special reward, and the missing out of others who are keen like you, lead to a good outcome, so this will make you strive harder in doing good works and acts of worship. This may make you more keen than people who do some act of worship regularly and feel content with what they are doing, and may fill them with self-admiration.
We ask Allaah to bless us with His bounty and reward, and help us to remember Him and give thanks to Him.
Islam Q&A
As salamo alaikome
My darling husband told me just this morning after Al-Fajr prayer about this day of fasting so I asked him if I am able to fast today and he smiled and told me I am not able to fast because I should have made my intention to fast yesterday which I did not do!
I told him I didnt know today was a day of fast and that I needed to make my intention yesterday so maybe I am still able to fast today but he said no I am not able! He asked me why I didnt find something about fasting today on my Islamic website (hes talking about TTI) and I told him I didnt see any thread about it! I guess I missed this one!!!!
Thank you for posting although sadly it didnt help me much since I didnt see it until today!!!
wa salam!
