salaam
whilst we are at discussing different groups can someone explain to me what the Qadariyyah, Khawaarij, Mu`tazilah etc believe in why they are astray?
Thanks.
As-salaamu `alaykum.
Don't get me wrong, these groups do accept the six canonical books (Saheeh Al-Bukharee through to Sunan Ibn Maajah). But that doesn't make one a sunnee, the sunne is not merely the one who takes from these books, rather he follows the sunnah with respect to creed, methodology, worship etc.
Regarding the Qadariyyah, then much can be read about them. Even from the Sahaabah. I'll suffice with the following,
"...Then, in the latter days of the Sahabah, there emerged the despicable sect of the Qadariyyah, of whom it is reported in one narration (whose authenticity is debatable) that the Prophet had warned, saying, "the Qadariyyah are the Magians of this ummah."
The deniers of Divine Pre-Determination who claimed that Allaah has no power of His creation and that mankind is totally independent of His Will and Power. Qadariyyah are people who claim that Allaah forces us to choose the wrong religion.
The sect was initiated at the hands of Ma`bad al-Juhani, and they denied destiny. Ja`d ibn Dirham, another pioneer of the sect, was the first to claim the Qur'ân is created. The remaining Sahabah, among them `Abdullah ibn `Umar, Jabir ibn `Abdullah, Abu Hurayrah, `Abullah ibn `Abbas and Anas ibn Malik, abjured the Qadariyyah. They instructed people not to greet them with salaam, nor to pray over their dead, nor even to visit their sick..."
http://allaahuakbar.in/qadariyyah/index.htm
The Khawaarij are from the progeny (not necessarily descendants but in terms of thinking) of Dhul-Khuwayshah, the despicable man who told Muhammad sall-Allaahu `alayhi wasallam to be just!? There are many different narrations about the matter. From the traits of the Khawaarij is their expelling Muslims from the fold of Islaam on account of their major sins (so sinners are kuffaar to them), their rebellion against the Muslim rulers, them not understanding Islamic Politics and many more. The points I mentioned lead them to murdering `Uthmaan Ibn `Affaan, `Alee Ibn Abee Taalib, as well as plotting to kill Mu`aawiyah and `Amr Ibn Al-`Aas, may Allaah be pleased with them all. However, this doesn't mean that todays' Khawaarij are pleased with these deeds, rather they still carry the same traits and beliefs that the held in the time of the Sahaabah.
The Mu`tazilah were founded Waasil Ibn `Ataa, who "withdrew" (I`tizaal) from the lessons of the taabi`ee (a taabi`ee is one who learnt Islaam from the companions) and Imaam, Al-Hasan Al-Basri (who was a slave of the Prophet's, sall-Allaahu `alayhi wasallam wife, Umm Salamah, may Allaah be pleased with her). They favoured their intellects over the Qur'aan and Sunnah and used logic and philosophy as proofs in the religion, putting them above the Qur'aan and Sunnah!?!?
Anyway, this is all but an intro, the sects are many and their beliefs are wild. Best thing is to research the matter further, as I only stated these various gorups as examples.
Was-salaam