As Salamu 'Alaykum,
Love is a many splendored thing
Seriously, the definition of love and what causes it has been a subject of investigation by philosopher's, social scientists, and neuro-scientists for a very long time.
The Greeks have several words for love:
Storge: is the love one has for their family and family type friends.
Phileo: is the love we have for our friends.
Agape: is the Benevolent and unselfish Affection that is sometimes called the type of LOVE that ALLAH has for us and we are to have for HIM.
Agape is what Paul meant in 1 Corinthians 13:
1Co 13:1 If I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I am become sounding brass or a clanging cymbal.
1Co 13:2 And if I have prophecy, and know all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have all faith, so as to remove mountains, but have not love, I am nothing.
1Co 13:3 And if I shall dole out all my goods in food, and if I deliver up my body that I may be burned, but have not love, I profit nothing.
1Co 13:4 Love has long patience, is kind; love is not emulous of others ; love is not insolent and rash, is not puffed up,
1Co 13:5 does not behave in an unseemly manner, does not seek what is its own, is not quickly provoked, does not impute evil,
1Co 13:6 does not rejoice at iniquity but rejoices with the truth,
1Co 13:7 bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things.
1Co 13:8 Love never fails; but whether prophecies, they shall be done away; or tongues, they shall cease; or knowledge, it shall be done away.
1Co 13:9 For we know in part, and we prophesy in part:
1Co 13:10 but when that which is perfect has come, that which is in part shall be done away.
1Co 13:11 When I was a child, I spoke as a child, I felt as a child, I reasoned as a child; when I became a man, I had done with what belonged to the child.
1Co 13:12 For we see now through a dim window obscurely, but then face to face; now I know partially, but then I shall know according as I also have been known.
1Co 13:13 And now abide faith, hope, love; these three things; and the greater of these is love.
And, there are other types of love such as eros which is sensual or romantic love. Thelema is more like lust or desire. Eunoia is an affectionate type of love.
Yeshua (PBUH) (Jesus/Isa/يسوع, المسيح) said he would identify those who were following his teachings:
Joh 13:34 A new commandment I give to you, that ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.
Joh 13:35 By this shall all know that ye are disciples of mine, if ye have love amongst yourselves.
In English we can mean caring, needing, wanting, bonded to a person place or thing by affection, altruism, charity, etc.
American psychologist Zick Rubin defines love as comprised of caring, attachment, and intimacy.
The Persian Poet Sa'di wrote:
The children of Adam are limbs of one body
Having been created of one essence.
When the calamity of time afflicts one limb
The other limbs cannot remain at rest.
If you have no sympathy for the troubles of others
You are not worthy to be called by the name of "man."
For the Chinese who follows the concepts of Confucianism is "Ren"("benevolent love") which views one's duty, action and attitude in a relationship such as kindness, generosity, caring, etc.
One of the 99 Names of Allah is Al-Wadud, or "the Loving One," which is found in Surah 11:90 as well as Surah 85:14. (This harmonizes with what was written in 1Jn 4:8 He that loves not has not known God; for God is love. )
Wikipedia has this to say about the Arabic word: "
As a word
This word has made its way to many other languages which were influenced by Arabic in one way or another. Some of the most notable languages which have borrowed it are Persian, Turkish, Azerbaijani (Azeri), Sindhi, Siraiki, Punjabi, Urdu and Hindi.
ʻIshq literally means love with no lust.[3] In Arabic, which is its language of origin, it is a noun. However, in Urdu and Hindi it is used as both verb and noun. ‘Āshiq (male) and ‘Āshiqah (female) are its subjective forms. Māshūq (male) and Māshūqah (female) are its objective forms. In addition to Arabic, these forms are used in Persian, Urdu and sometimes in Hindi also.
In Urdu, Ishq (عشق) is used to refer to fervent love for any object, person or God. However, it is mostly used in its religious context. In Urdu, three very common religious terminologies have been derived from Ishq. These terminologies are Ishq-e-Haqīqi (love of God), Ishq-e majāzi (love of God's creation i.e. a human), and ishq-e rasūl or ishq-e Muhammadi (love of Muhammad). Other than these, in non-religious context, ‘ishq is a synonym for obsessive love.
In Hindi, ishq (इश्क़) is mostly used to refer to romantic love in its extreme passionate form. This interpretation of Ishq is mostly popularised by Bollywood movies and Indian filmi music.
In Turkish, Aşk is commonly used to express love, passion or adoration. Clearly derived from the original Ishq, the Turkish version replaces the 'q' with a 'k' (because Turkish lacks voiceless uvular plosive) and the letter 'ş' with the cedilla denotes the "sh" sound. In comparison to Arabic, Urdu or Hindi, the word is less restricted and can be applied to many forms of love, or simply romance. It is common in lyrics of Turkish songs.
[edit] As a concept
In religious context, Ishq, divided into three kinds, is a very important but rather complex concept of Sufi tradition of Islam.
[edit] Ishq-e Haqīqi
Ishq-e Haqīqi (عشق حقیقی) literally means "the real love" but metaphorically it means "the love of God". It refers to the belief that only God is worth loving and He is the only one who can return His creature's love for Him.
[edit] Ishq-e Majāzi
Ishq-e Majāzi (عشق مجازی) literally means "metaphorical love". It refers to the love for God's creation i.e. love of a man for a woman and vice versa. It is said to be generated by beloved person's external beauty. According to some schools of thought in Sufism, Ishq-e Majāzi can eventually lead to Ishq-e Haqiqi.
[edit] Ishq-e Rasūl or Ishq-e Muhammadi
Ishq-e Rasūl (عشق رسول; in Arabic: ʻIshq ar-Rasūl, Arabic: عشق الرسول) ' means "love of Muhammad," an important part of being a Muslim. According to Hadis it is necessary, in order for a Muslim to be true Muslim, to love his Prophet more than mere human beings; even more than his own life. The love of the Prophet is Imaan according to Muslim belief.