The Five Pillars
Many people have asked me questions similar to “Why aren’t you a Muslim? What’s stopping you? What do you think about Islam? Last year I was involved in a deep discussion with a member and created a very long response to a series of questions and created a bit of a “comparative” of the Five Pillars and my own beliefs as I understood them. I think its necessary to share that comparative here.
Begin:
I copied the Five Pillars down from Islam101 so that I could address each pillar accurately. You see, in my view, the native principles and those of Islam are so STRIKINGLY similar that it’s almost frightening, as if the natives never lost the path of Adam as so many other religions have. The only difference is that the environment that the native people moved into after crossing the land bridge dictated an adjustment of practice, but not the intent or purpose. Who knows, maybe the people who crossed the land bridge are the “lost tribes of Isreal…except we weren’t lost, we just moved!
As we both know, The Creator never does anything without reason. His plans are evident in nature. Though, I think the platypus has a special place in this world which I hope to expand on further, inshallah. First, allow me to share with you my thoughts and feelings on the five pillars and how the native world practices them.
The 'Five Pillars' of Islam are the foundation of Muslim life:
* Faith or belief in the Oneness of God and the finality of the prophethood of Muhammad;
"There is none worthy of worship except God and Muhammad is the messenger of God." This declaration of faith is called the Shahadah, a simple formula that all the faithful pronounce. The significance of this declaration is the belief that the only purpose of life is to serve and obey God, and this is achieved through the teachings and practices of the Last Prophet, Muhammad.
There is NO doubt in my mind and heart that there is only the one god. As a chef, the saying is “too many cooks spoil the soup”. Anything else labeled as “gods” I think are simply man’s attempt at identifying with aspects or qualities of the one god. In Zen Buddhism there is a “god” named “Bodhisattva”- as I understand it, the god of mercy and self-sacrifice”. If it was a Greek “god”, Bodhisattva would probably be the god of nurses and doctors <to give you an idea of what I mean>. Christians have Saints that serve that same role. People who have died and instead of moving on to heaven/paradise, choose to continue serving mankind from the spirit plane. Bhodi’s are people who choose not to enter nirvana <the state of pure selfless existence> until the last person alive has crossed into nirvana. In Islam, you might think that these people would choose to stand on the bridge across the hell fires until everyone else has crossed safely.
In the native American world, we have no ”one” prophet. The Mohawks <of which I am one…sorta. You could liken my standing as a “revert” in the native world> has one. He brought the “Great Law of Peace” to the 5 nations and helped bring unity to what is now known as the 6 nations <The Tuscarora nation was adopted into the confederacy later on>. Wars ended and that “Great Law of Peace” is what was used by the founding fathers of America as a guide when they drew up the constitution of the United States. They screwed it up though and the governing structure of responsibility, power, and accountability is upside down. The natives believe that the ones who deserve the highest respect are the children, for they are our future. We have no “shahada” but if you have a “native heart”, then it is shown through your actions and the community decides if they accept you as being “native”. You can become ‘adopted’ by a family and thus, adopted by the tribe…which then extends to all the nations. It takes time and dedication. Respect for all of Creator’s creations is paramount. Each thing here on this earth is related to us, simply because we are all creations of Creator. We are no better and no worse than a rock or a tree or an animal. In fact, sometimes, we are less close to Creator than any of those things BECAUSE we are sentient, free thinking beings. Once you stop becoming instinctual, you start drifting away from the true guidance of Creator. We try very hard to live in balance with things that are around us. We walk softly <to live without harming anything> and try to leave no trail behind <to leave no harmful lasting impact on the delicate balance of nature>. Native American’s realized long ago that to have a destructive impact on the environment meant harm to ourselves and to those who come after us. You know how in Islam you can make dua for the dead so as to help them enter into Jannah by entreating for them? Well, the natives have a belief….make decisions for the seventh generation. It means that whatever choice we make, whatever path we choose, make sure that it is for the benefit of the generation seven times away from you to come. Make sure that it will benefit your great great great great great great great grandchildren. I’ve noticed how many times the number 4 and the number 7 comes up in Islam. Those numbers are sacred numbers in the native world. The 4 directions of East, South, West, North. There is also Above, Below and Within. <Father sky who covers us, Mother earth who provides for us and within, our own souls>. All of these things exist because The Creator gave them to us to use correctly. When we don’t, we live out of balance and our life gets messed up and we have problems. In Islam, Creator either tests you and you pass the test by not fighting it or taking control <thus taking credit for something that is not yours to take credit for> or it is shaytain trying to lead you away from a balanced life. Yes, we believe in a trouble-making deity. Each tribe and nation has their own name or personification but the thinking is the same. Iktome <ick-toe-may> is either a coyote or a spider <depending on the nation>. There is also Grandmother Spider, which is a story keeper who weaves the web-story of life…how it is so fragile but each day is a new day and a new chance to start again.
Personally, I don’t like the label “prophet”. To me, it signifies that someone has made a prediction and that is fortune telling…blah! I’m still working on the label “messenger”. Mohammad was a thinking man and when you think and you observe, the hadith’s are simple logic and nothing new to me. Granted, I can’t perform miracles…but his teachings are simple and logical and wisdom that I already knew and understood.
* Establishment of the daily prayers;
Salah is the name for the obligatory prayers that are performed five times a day, and are a direct link between the worshipper and God. There is no hierarchical authority in Islam and there are no priests. Prayers are led by a learned person who knows the Qur'an and is generally chosen by the congregation.
Prayers are said at dawn, mid-day, late-afternoon, sunset and nightfall, and thus determine the rhythm of the entire day. These five prescribed prayers contain verses from the Qur'an, and are said in Arabic, the language of the Revelation. Personal supplications, however, can be offered in one's own language and at any time.
Although it is preferable to worship together in a mosque, a Muslim may pray almost anywhere, such as in fields, offices, factories and universities. Oftentimes visitors to the Muslim world are struck by the centrality of prayers in daily life.
Yup, we pray daily too, though we do not have a set number that is obligatory. Yes, we “wash” ourselves with what we call “smudge”. Usually 4 herbs are burned and brushed over ourselves to wash off the negative thoughts and energies that we have accumulated. They are Sage, Sweetgrass, Tobacco, and Cedar. Each corresponds with a direction and a nation <red people, white people, yellow people and black people>. When we have group ceremony, a person who is well versed in the prayers of that nation, or an elder if it is a mixed group of nations, will give the prayers. A lot of times, there is a separate person who does the smudging of the people and the prayer space <a role that I have held many times> and those people are usually people who are sensitive to the slightest change in the emotional energy of the people and space. A tiring job, I can tell you. It is obligatory that you get smudged before ceremony and it is recommended when you are offering up personal supplications. I have been told that for certain ceremonies, the prayers can take up to 3 days to complete. I also know that there are ceremonies that take 2 weeks to complete, from preparation to breakdown. Those particular ceremonies I cannot share with you since they are so sacred and I am uneducated as to their fullness. You understand that, I know.
* Concern for and almsgiving to the needy;
An important principle of Islam is that everything belongs to God, and that wealth is therefore held by human beings in trust. The word zakah means both "purification" and "growth." Our possessions are purified by setting aside a proportion for those in need and for the society in general. Like the pruning of plants, this cutting back balances and encourages new growth.
Each Muslim calculates his or her own zakah individually. This involves the annual payment of a fortieth of one's capital, excluding such items as primary residence, car and professional tools.
An individual may also give as much as he or she pleases as sadaqa-h, and does so preferably in secret. Although this word can be translated as "voluntary charity" it has a wider meaning.
The Prophet said, "Even meeting your brother with a cheerful face is an act of charity." The Prophet also said: "Charity is a necessity for every Muslim." He was asked: "What if a person has nothing?" The Prophet replied: "He should work with his own hands for his benefit and then give something out of such earnings in charity." The Companions of the Prophet asked: "What if he is not able to work?" The Prophet said: "He should help the poor and needy." The Companions further asked: "What if he cannot do even that?" The Prophet said: "He should urge others to do good." The Companions said: "What if he lacks that also?" The Prophet said: "He should check himself from doing evil. That is also an act of charity."
Hmm…something I’m quite good at! Sadaqa-h. In the native world, we have no set amount BUT, we have something called “a give-away”. When you get married, or you had a birth or a ceremony where you received a new name, or someone died…etc… traditionally <which means back when everyone lived in lodges <teepees> or the longhouse’s <eastern woodland tribes who were farmers and not nomadic lived in permanent settlements>, you gave everything away to the people except your lodge and your clothing on your back. You started fresh and clean and thanked everyone around you for supporting you through to this moment. Because everyone depended on everyone else, charity was a daily thing.
There is a documented anthropological story where there was an old woman who lived on the edge of the village. Her husband had died and she had no family so she lived on donations and whatever she could trap herself. One evening, some warriors came riding hard and fast into camp and stopped at her lodge and ate all the meat that she had hanging up to dry and cure. Some missionaries saw this and saw the old woman standing outside her lodge wailing. They thought, “How awful and cruel! These men were thoughtless and stole all her food! What savages!!” The old woman then got translated and it was found out that the reason why she was crying was NOT because she had no more food, but she said that she was so “thankful to Creator for allowing her to trap those few rabbits so that she was able to provide for the warriors”…who we then learned were bring news of an approaching enemy tribe and that they had ridden hard for several days and had not had anything to eat for that time. Talk about charity and caring for the tribe to the point of being self-less.
The practice of the give-away is still practiced, though not to the extent of giving everything you own away. However, the attempt to accumulate enough goods to have something to give everyone who attends such large events, numbering usually in the hundreds, takes a big chunk out of people’s pockets. For instance, at my own wedding, I served everyone food before I ate. I made sure that my guests, some I knew, some I didn’t, were fed before I was. It was a potluck and served buffet style. Me and my family, which surprised the heck out of me since I did not ask them to, stood and served everyone. I spent more money preparing for the feast then I did on any other part of the wedding. I know of other people who, when they are at powwows, would prepare enough food so that no one goes hungry…whether they are family, friends, or strangers.
That’s just our way.
* Self-purification through fasting; and Every year in the month of Ramada-n, all Muslims fast from dawn until sundown--abstaining from food, drink, and sexual relations with their spouses.
Those who are sick, elderly, or on a journey, and women who are menstruating, pregnant or nursing, are permitted to break the fast and make up an equal number of days later in the year if they are healthy and able. Children begin to fast (and to observe prayers) from puberty, although many start earlier.
Although fasting is beneficial to health, it is mainly a method of self-purification and self-restraint. By cutting oneself from worldly comforts, even for a short time, a fasting person focuses on his or her purpose in life by constantly being aware of the presence of God. God states in the Qur'an: "O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed to those before you that you may learn self-restraint." (Qur'an 2:183)
Yet another thing we do. There are some ceremonies that are done where you fast for 4 days, day and night…..no water, no food and for those who are strong enough of will, no sleep. We isolate ourselves, go off into a secluded area of nature and sit and pray. We wait for visions to come or not come, whichever the case may be. As the saying goes, “sometimes, the answer is no.”. For other ceremonies, we fast during the day and then at sundown, we start the ceremony, which can last for many hours into the night and then we all get together and feast. That IS mandatory. No ceremony of supplication can be done without a feast afterwards. For every sacrifice, there is a reaping of reward. You might call it a smaller version of Eid.
* The pilgrimage to Makkah for those who are able.
The pilgrimage to Makkah (the hajj) is an obligation only for those who are physically and financially able to do so. Nevertheless, over two million people go to Makkah each year from every corner of the globe providing a unique opportunity for those of different nations to meet one another.
The annual hajj begins in the twelfth month of the Islamic year (which is lunar, not solar, so that hajj and Ramada-n fall sometimes in summer, sometimes in winter). Pilgrims wear special clothes: simple garments that strip away distinctions of class and culture, so that all stand equal before God.
The rites of the hajj, which are of Abrahamic origin, include going around the Ka'bah seven times, and going seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwa as did Hagar (Hajir, Abraham's wife) during her search for water. The pilgrims later stand together on the wide plains of 'Arafat (a large expanse of desert outside Makkah) and join in prayer for God's forgiveness, in what is often thought as a preview of the Day of Judgment.
The close of the hajj is marked by a festival, the 'Id al Adha, which is celebrated with prayers and the exchange of gifts in Muslim communities everywhere. This and the 'Id al Fitr, a festive day celebrating the end of Ramada-n, are the two holidays of the Islamic calendar.
Hajj is the only thing that we do not have something that correlates with it. There may be ceremonies that are done by certain tribes that have parts and rituals that correspond with those done during Hajj, but I do not know enough to tell you.